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Question 201

Multiple Choice

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If the sound of the refrigerator door opening causes a child to salivate because it has previously been associated with the presentation of food,the child's salivation to the sound of the door opening is a(n)

A) conditioned response.
B) unconditioned response.
C) conditioned stimulus.
D) unconditioned stimulus.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Question 202

Multiple Choice

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Laurie's thumbsucking has become habitual because she feels less anxious when she sucks her thumb.This best illustrates the process of

A) generalization.
B) classical conditioning.
C) discrimination.
D) operant conditioning.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 203

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The smell of a mouthwash that repeatedly precedes the experience of a painful dental procedure first begins to trigger a conditioned anxiety response during the process of

B.F.Skinner recommended that we control behavior with ________ rather than with ________.

Studies of latent learning highlight the importance of

Alexis is addicted to drugs.The room in which she usually takes them is likely to become a ________ for drug cravings.

Innately satisfying stimuli that fulfill biological needs are called ________ reinforcers.

Pavlov's studies of classical conditioning were most clearly valuable because they provided the young discipline of psychology with a model of

Prolonged exposure to media violence causes people to become indifferent to violent brutality in real life.This best illustrates that one effect of viewing media violence is

People are especially likely to behave aggressively after heavy exposure to TV violence in which attractive people engage in seemingly

The occurrence of spontaneous recovery suggests that during extinction

An automatic response to some stimulus is called

Receiving money as a reward and having a monetary fine suspended are both ________ reinforcers.

Paul and Michael sell magazine subscriptions by telephone.Paul is paid $1.00 for every five calls he makes,while Michael is paid $1.00 for every subscription he sells,regardless of the number of calls he makes.Paul's telephoning is reinforced on a ________ schedule,whereas Michael's is reinforced on a ________ schedule.

The tendency to engage in behaviors that we observe others being rewarded for performing best illustrates the influence of

A positive reinforcer is anything that when ________ a response,strengthens the response.

B.F.Skinner's critics have claimed that he neglected the importance of the individual's

Observational learning was illustrated by a famous experiment that involved

Marcy grows roses for the sheer joy of it;Jennifer grows them to sell at a profit.Marcy's behavior reflects ________,whereas Jennifer's behavior reflects ________.

Julio's mother has been giving him gold stars for keeping his bed dry all night.After about a week,Julio discontinued his habit of bed-wetting.His change in behavior best illustrates the value of