A) It acts on genotypes rather than phenotypes.
B) It assures the survival of each fit individual.
C) It favors the survival of young with adaptive characteristics.
D) It always selects for more complex forms.
E) It always selects for forms that are a mutated variation.
G) A) and B)
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A) mutations.
B) genetic drift.
C) gene flow.
D) nonrandom mating.
E) natural selection.
G) A) and C)
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B
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A) Lower rock layers are older than surface layers.
B) Common assemblages of indicator fossils occur in layers with primitive layers lower.
C) Radioisotopes decay at constant rates and the ratio of isotopes-to-stable elements provides an approximate age to a fossil.
D) The number of homologous features shared between two fossils indicates their age.
E) The age of a fossil can be determined by the number of continents on which it has been found.
G) B) and D)
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A) vestigial.
B) homologous.
C) analogous.
D) polygenic.
E) sympatric.
G) A) and D)
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A) a virus leading to disease and massive loss of life.
B) dinosaurs preying upon each other until they became extinct.
C) a meteor impact at the end of the Cretaceous era that caused major cooling.
D) new chemicals and ions in the environment which caused dinosaurs to become sterile.
E) mammals who were more adapted and more able to acquire similar resources.
G) B) and E)
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A) reptiles and birds.
B) amphibians and reptiles.
C) fish and amphibians.
D) reptiles and mammals.
E) Transitional fossils have been found in all of these groups.
G) B) and D)
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A) is more likely to occur in a large population than in a small population.
B) may lead to an allele becoming fixed in a population.
C) increases the number of heterozygotes in a population.
D) has no impact of the allele frequencies of a population.
E) reduces the chances of mutation in a population.
G) All of the above
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A) there is a lack of gene flow.
B) the populations are small.
C) mating is nonrandom.
D) this increases genetic drift.
E) natural selection is occurring.
G) A) and E)
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A) missing links.
B) stepping stones.
C) transitional links.
D) intermediates.
E) species links.
G) All of the above
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A) disruptive selection
B) directional selection
C) stabilizing selection
D) drift selection
E) adaptive radiation
G) A) and D)
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A) mutations.
B) genetic drift.
C) gene flow.
D) nonrandom mating.
E) natural selection.
G) A) and D)
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A) the environment
B) the genetics of the individual
C) Both the environment and genetics are equally responsible for the evolution of an organism.
D) Neither the environment nor the genetics of an organism play a role in its evolution.
E) A creator would determine the evolution of an organism.
G) None of the above
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A) 1 million years old.
B) 4 million years old.
C) 1 billion years old.
D) 2.5 billion years old.
E) 4.6 billion years old.
G) C) and D)
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E
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A) Fruit flies on one Hawaiian island live for hundreds of generations and do not come in contact with fruit flies on another island except when blown there by rare tropical storms.
B) One brood of the 17-year cicada emerged in 1987 (and will do so every 17 years) and lives a few months as adults; another brood emerged in 1992 (and will do so every 17 years) ; the larvae of both feed side by side on tree roots.
C) A lion and a tiger mate in the artificial confines of a zoo, but the offspring is infertile.
D) Two populations of crickets are indistinguishable in physical features, but the females in each group only approach males singing songs specific to their species.
E) All of the answer choices could lead to reproductive isolation.
G) C) and D)
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B) False
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A) molecular data showing eukaryotes are much more closely related than previously thought.
B) structural data showing eukaryotes are far more diverse than previously thought.
C) molecular data showing prokaryotes are far more diverse than previously thought.
D) new biogeographical data showing prokaryotes are far more diverse than previously thought.
E) new classification concepts that have shown everything except molecular data to be irrelevant.
G) All of the above
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B) False
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A) directional
B) diversifying
C) stabilizing
D) disruptive
E) nonrandom
G) D) and E)
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A) this is sufficient evidence to prove the moth is related more to the human than the turtle.
B) turtles evolved before moths.
C) there is no evolutionary relationship between moths, snakes, and humans.
D) in addition to anatomical similarities and fossil data, this provides additional evidence for determining the relatedness between these organisms.
E) biochemical information is not relevant to the evolution of organisms.
G) A) and B)
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D
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A) phyletic gradualism is specific to eukaryotes and punctuated equilibrium is specific to prokaryotes.
B) punctuated equilibrium states that speciation can occur in a relatively short period of time, while phyletic gradualism states that speciation occurs gradually over vast periods of time.
C) phyletic gradualism states that speciation can occur over a relatively short time period, while punctuated equilibrium states that speciation requires vast periods of time.
D) the fossil record only supports phyletic gradualism.
E) the fossil record only supports punctuated equilibrium.
G) A) and B)
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