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According to Jean Piaget, which is the first stage of moral development in which children think of justice and rules as unchangeable properties of the world?

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Heteronomo...

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Katrina, a 6-year-old, becomes extremely upset when her brother tries to change the rules of their game and yells, "You can't do that! You can't change rules!" Which of the following types of moral reasoning is Katrina exhibiting?


A) autonomous morality
B) heteronomous morality
C) peer-negotiated morality
D) immanent justice morality

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Why is it challenging for parents to discuss emotional topics with their young children?


A) Young children often avoid upsetting topics by changing the topic, pushing away, or running away.
B) They don't want to know what upsets their child.
C) They are afraid they can't comfort their child.
D) They struggle with their own emotions and change the topic.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Sets of expectations that prescribe how females and males should think, act, and feel are known as gender


A) roles.
B) identities.
C) expectancies.
D) rules.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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In the context of how parents talk with their children about emotions, which approach is taken by parents who monitor their children's emotions, view their children's negative emotions as opportunities for teaching, and assist them in labeling their emotions?

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An emotion...

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Cultural changes that occur when one culture comes in contact with another are referred to as


A) affiliation.
B) acculturation.
C) accommodation.
D) adaptation.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Around the age of ________, children already show a preference to spend time with same-sex playmates.


A) three
B) one
C) two
D) one and a half

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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According to a research study by Kramer and Perozynski (1999) , in families with two siblings 2 to 5 years of age, the most frequent parental reaction to verbal or physical sibling confrontations is to


A) threaten the children.
B) try to help the children.
C) admonish the children.
D) do nothing at all.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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According to Jean Piaget, parent-child relations are less likely to advance moral reasoning than peer relations because


A) parents are inconsistent in delivering the consequences for broken rules.
B) peers are less likely to allow negotiation and reasoning about broken rules.
C) parents often hand down rules in an authoritarian way.
D) peer groups immediately mete out punishments for rule breaking.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Who among the following is most likely to be rejected by peers based on conformation to gender roles?


A) a little girl in boy's clothing
B) a little boy playing with a doll
C) a little boy playing with a toy truck
D) a little girl carrying a baseball mitt

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which parenting style could lead to social incompetence, truancy, and delinquency in children?


A) authoritarian parenting
B) authoritative parenting
C) indulgent parenting
D) neglectful parenting

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Logan is a warm and loving parent, but he also has high expectations of his kids. As Logan encourages independent and age-appropriate behavior from his children, Baumrind would classify him as a(n)


A) authoritarian parent.
B) authoritative parent.
C) indulgent parent.
D) neglectful parent.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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In the context of the types of children's play, which of the following is a form of play that occurs when children engage in the self-regulated creation of a product or a solution?


A) constructive play
B) games
C) collective play
D) social play

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky considered play to be valuable because


A) it helps children release tension.
B) it advances children's cognitive development.
C) it helps children satisfy their need for mastery over their environment.
D) it allows children to interact with their peers.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Which theorist proposed that gender differences result from the contrasting roles of men and women in societies where women have less power and status than men and control fewer resources?

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Should parents stay in an unhappy or conflicted marriage for the sake of their children?

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If the stresses and disruptions in famil...

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Which of the following is the first stage of Piaget's theory of moral development?


A) autonomous morality
B) initiative versus guilt
C) heteronomous morality
D) autonomy versus shame and doubt

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Barbara monitors her children's emotions. Her daughter is upset because she got reprimanded by her teacher. Barbara initially ignores her daughter's lamentations but then decides to try to change her daughter's emotions by saying that everyone gets reprimanded and that it is not a big deal. Barbara's approach of talking to her daughter about her negative emotions indicates that Barbara is a(n) ________.


A) indulgent parent
B) emotion-dismissing parent
C) emotion-coaching parent
D) authoritarian parent

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Four-year-old Harlan says, "I'm always happy!" Researchers suggest that Harlan, like other kids his own age, has self-descriptions that are typically


A) reflective of reality.
B) reflective of what others think about them.
C) abstract and magical.
D) unrealistically positive.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following is true about childhood maltreatment?


A) Two-thirds of parents who are abused go on to abuse their own children.
B) Childhood maltreatment can be caused by a single factor.
C) Violence on television does not impact the violence we see in families.
D) Parenting stress, substance abuse, social isolation, single parenting, and socioeconomic difficulties all may contribute to childhood maltreatment.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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