Question 1

What is the term used to describe "reading" emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation?

Accepted Answer

A)   social referencing
B)   deferred imitation
C)   infinite generativity
D)   reciprocal socializationE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

Juan has been showing a marked increase in his imitative and reciprocal play. He goes around imitating nonverbal actions like jumping and running. Juan is probably

Accepted Answer

A)   around six months old.
B)   between six and nine months old.
C)   between 12 and 18 months old.
D)   between 18 and 24 months old.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Recent studies found that a disorganized attachment style developed in infancy only when infants had the short version of the serotonin transporter gene, 5-HTTLPR. This gene-environment interaction only occurred when

Accepted Answer

A)   the infants' other-consciousness developed poorly in the first six months after birth.
B)   mothers showed a low level of responsiveness toward their infants.
C)   maternal nutrition was deficient during the prenatal period.
D)   the infants were temperamentally inclined toward negative affectivity.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 4

Quimby, a 15-month-old child, looks to her mother to see if she should be afraid of the stranger who has come to her home. Quimby relaxes when she sees her mother smiling and speaking to the stranger in a calm voice. Quimby is engaging in

Accepted Answer

A)   social checking.
B)   social scoping.
C)   social referencing.
D)   social validation.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Three-month-old Zoey looks up at her mother and smiles. What do researchers call this smile?

Accepted Answer

A)   trust smile
B)   social smile
C)   reflexive smile
D)   attachment smileE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Briefly describe the four phases of attachment as identified by John Bowlby.

Accepted Answer

According to Bowlby, attachment does not...

Question 7

According to the Strange Situation created by Mary Ainsworth, which of the following babies would appear disoriented?

Accepted Answer

A)   Tina, a baby who is is securely attached to her caregiver
B)   Henry, who is an insecure resistant baby
C)   Clara, who is an insecure disorganized baby
D)   Tobias, a baby who is insecure and avoidant toward his caregiverE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 8

A mother hands her baby a rattle, saying, "Here you are." She then gently takes the rattle away, smiling and saying, "Thank you." She does this repeatedly, letting the baby keep the rattle for several seconds each time and encouraging the baby to offer the rattle. Eventually, the baby takes the rattle, holds it for a few seconds, and then holds it out to her mother and smiles. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   sociability.
B)   scaffolding.
C)   emotionality.
D)   reciprocal socialization.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 9

Ryan is father to an 11-month-old baby boy. He loves spending time with his son when he is back from work. Which of the following activities is he most likely to engage in with his son?

Accepted Answer

A)   peek-a-boo games
B)   reciprocal socialization
C)   rough-and-tumble play
D)   pat-a-cake gamesE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 10

According to Freud, infants become attached to the person or object

Accepted Answer

A)   that is perceived to be a non-stranger.
B)   that provides physical comfort.
C)   that provides oral satisfaction.
D)   that provides a sense of trust.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

Anthony is just starting to crawl and has taken to following his mother around the house. He also lifts his arms up to her when he wants to be picked up. According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, which phase is Anthony currently in?

Accepted Answer

A)   phase 1
B)   phase 2
C)   phase 4
D)   phase 3E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true about emotions?

Accepted Answer

A)   Emotions are generally classified as positive or negative.
B)   Emotions are seldom influenced by biological foundations and experiences.
C)   The ability to regulate emotions is present at birth.
D)   Self-conscious emotions are the first to develop in an infant.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

According to Erikson, ________ are key to establishing a basic sense of trust in infants.

Accepted Answer

A)   physical comfort and sensitive care
B)   feeding and physical comfort
C)   contact comfort and feeding
D)   oral satisfaction and physical comfortE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Eva's mother describes her as a mildly active child. She also feels that Eva's mood is marginally negative. According to Chess and Thomas' classification, which of the following characteristics is Eva most likely to demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Eva tends to throw tantrums and cry frequently.
B)   Eva accepts and adapts easily to changes around her.
C)   Eva displays a low intensity of mood.
D)   Eva engages in irregular daily routines.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Insecure avoidant babies show

Accepted Answer

A)   displeasure by violently reacting to the situation.
B)   insecurity by avoiding the caregiver.
C)   secure attachment to the caregiver.
D)   insecurity by avoiding the stranger.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 16

According to John Bowlby, infants' internal working model of attachment includes a simple mental model of the caregiver, their relationship, and the self as

Accepted Answer

A)   being independent.
B)   deserving of nurturant care.
C)   deserving of constant attention.
D)   being helpless.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 17

In every culture studied so far, the most common classification of attachment is

Accepted Answer

A)   secure attachment.
B)   insecure resistant attachment.
C)   disorganized attachment.
D)   insecure avoidant attachment.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 18

Carla and Mike are discussing secure attachment in infancy. Carla believes that secure attachment in an infant's life provides an important foundation for psychological development that occurs later in life. She strongly feels that there is enough evidence to support this. However, Mike rejects her view. Which of the following statements, if true, supports Mike's view?

Accepted Answer

A)   Studies have shown that a mother's negative emotional reactions (anger and anxiety)  to her infant's crying do not have an effect either on the child's attachment security or on the child's psychological development later in life.
B)   It has been proven that social agents and contexts seldom influence an infant's secure attachment and thereby later development.
C)   Biologically based factors such as genes and temperament have not been given adequate consideration on how they influence an infant's secure attachment and thereby later development.
D)   It has been observed and proven in all cultures that secure attachment is the least common factor to influence an infant's later development.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 19

Sakura isn't a particularly active child, and he tends to be wary of new situations and people. Although he doesn't cry, he dislikes dealing with novel situations. According to Thomas and Chess, he would be classified as

Accepted Answer

A)   an easy child.
B)   a difficult child.
C)   a slow-to-warm-up child.
D)   a slow child.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true of crying?

Accepted Answer

A)   Newborns seldom use crying as a means of communication.
B)   The first cry verifies that the infant's lungs are filled with fluids.
C)   Cries provide information about the health of the newborn's central nervous system.
D)   Excessive infant crying in 3-month-olds triples the risk of behavioral, hyperactive, and mood problems at 5 to 6 years of age.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy

Correct Answer
verified

Sakura isn't a particularly active child, and he tends to be wary of new situations and people. Although he doesn't cry, he dislikes dealing with novel situations. According to Thomas and Chess, he would be classified as

Correct Answer
verified

Recent studies found that a disorganized attachment style developed in infancy only when infants had the short version of the serotonin transporter gene, 5-HTTLPR. This gene-environment interaction only occurred when

Correct Answer
verified

In every culture studied so far, the most common classification of attachment is

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements is true of crying?

Correct Answer
verified

According to Freud, infants become attached to the person or object

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Insecure avoidant babies show

Correct Answer
verified

According to Erikson, ________ are key to establishing a basic sense of trust in infants.

Correct Answer
verified

Briefly describe the four phases of attachment as identified by John Bowlby.

Correct Answer
verified
According to Bowlby, attachment does not...
View Answer

According to John Bowlby, infants' internal working model of attachment includes a simple mental model of the caregiver, their relationship, and the self as

Correct Answer
verified

What is the term used to describe "reading" emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation?

Correct Answer
verified

Juan has been showing a marked increase in his imitative and reciprocal play. He goes around imitating nonverbal actions like jumping and running. Juan is probably

Correct Answer
verified

Anthony is just starting to crawl and has taken to following his mother around the house. He also lifts his arms up to her when he wants to be picked up. According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, which phase is Anthony currently in?

Correct Answer
verified

Three-month-old Zoey looks up at her mother and smiles. What do researchers call this smile?

Correct Answer
verified

Eva's mother describes her as a mildly active child. She also feels that Eva's mood is marginally negative. According to Chess and Thomas' classification, which of the following characteristics is Eva most likely to demonstrate?

Correct Answer
verified

Ryan is father to an 11-month-old baby boy. He loves spending time with his son when he is back from work. Which of the following activities is he most likely to engage in with his son?

Correct Answer
verified

According to the Strange Situation created by Mary Ainsworth, which of the following babies would appear disoriented?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements is true about emotions?

Correct Answer
verified

Quimby, a 15-month-old child, looks to her mother to see if she should be afraid of the stranger who has come to her home. Quimby relaxes when she sees her mother smiling and speaking to the stranger in a calm voice. Quimby is engaging in

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sakura isn't a particularly active child, and he tends to be wary of new situations and people. Although he doesn't cry, he dislikes dealing with novel situations. According to Thomas and Chess, he would be classified as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Recent studies found that a disorganized attachment style developed in infancy only when infants had the short version of the serotonin transporter gene, 5-HTTLPR. This gene-environment interaction only occurred when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In every culture studied so far, the most common classification of attachment is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true of crying?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Freud, infants become attached to the person or object

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Insecure avoidant babies show

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Erikson, ________ are key to establishing a basic sense of trust in infants.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Briefly describe the four phases of attachment as identified by John Bowlby.

Correct AnswerverifiedAccording to Bowlby, attachment does not...View AnswerShow Answer

According to John Bowlby, infants' internal working model of attachment includes a simple mental model of the caregiver, their relationship, and the self as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the term used to describe "reading" emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Juan has been showing a marked increase in his imitative and reciprocal play. He goes around imitating nonverbal actions like jumping and running. Juan is probably

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Anthony is just starting to crawl and has taken to following his mother around the house. He also lifts his arms up to her when he wants to be picked up. According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, which phase is Anthony currently in?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Three-month-old Zoey looks up at her mother and smiles. What do researchers call this smile?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Eva's mother describes her as a mildly active child. She also feels that Eva's mood is marginally negative. According to Chess and Thomas' classification, which of the following characteristics is Eva most likely to demonstrate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ryan is father to an 11-month-old baby boy. He loves spending time with his son when he is back from work. Which of the following activities is he most likely to engage in with his son?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the Strange Situation created by Mary Ainsworth, which of the following babies would appear disoriented?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true about emotions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Quimby, a 15-month-old child, looks to her mother to see if she should be afraid of the stranger who has come to her home. Quimby relaxes when she sees her mother smiling and speaking to the stranger in a calm voice. Quimby is engaging in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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According to Bowlby, attachment does not...
View Answer

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