Question 1

Rescorla (1988)  demonstrated that simply pairing two events closely in time

Accepted Answer

A)   demonstrates the simplicity of classical conditioning.
B)   does not allow us to make predictions.
C)   becomes more meaningful as the pairings continue.
D)   is not what's important in this type of learning.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 2

According to Seligman, if a person who is faced with considerable stress and difficulty in his/her life displays an optimistic, upbeat attitude, he/she is likely to function better psychologically and physically. He called this ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)   learned optimism
B)   learned helplessness
C)   learned awareness
D)   learned predictabilityE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 3

The term equifinality refers to the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)   once a process has begun, it will always lead to a final outcome.
B)   many causes of psychopathology are equal in influence.
C)   a number of paths can lead to the same outcome.
D)   all forms of psychopathology have similar causes.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Studies regarding rat learning and brain structure by Greenough, et al. (1990)  and Wallace, et al. (1992)  suggest that

Accepted Answer

A)   early experiences such as learning cause physical changes in the brain.
B)   psychopathology is the result of early learning experiences.
C)   while psychopathology is often a result of early life experiences, it is generally due to the physical changes in the brain that such experiences cause.
D)   genetically caused brain structure problems can be corrected by positive life experiences.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 5

According to recent estimates, genetic contributions to the development of most psychological disorders are _.

Accepted Answer

A)   below 50%
B)   above 50%
C)   different for each disorder (estimates range from 0 to 100%) 
D)   nonexistentE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

In a recent study (Petrovic, Kalso, Peterson & Ingvar, 2002) , subjects were exposed to a painful stimulus (heat to the hand)  under three conditions: opiate medication, placebo (sugar pill)  medication, and no medication. Brain scans indicated that a subject's experience of reduced pain with the placebo is due to

Accepted Answer

A)   activation of brain regions identical to those activated by opiate medication.
B)   activation of brain regions that are overlapping, but not identical, to those activated by opiate medication.
C)   psychological expectation since a placebo does not activate brain regions associated with pain control.
D)   similarities in activated brain regions during the "no medication" condition.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Name three important neurotransmitters and describe what impact each one is thought to have on human experience.

Accepted Answer

GABA- inhibitory neurotransmitter
Glutam...

Question 8

The fact that women are more likely to suffer from insect phobias than men is most likely due to

Accepted Answer

A)   biological differences.
B)   differences in neurochemical pathways.
C)   cultural expectations.
D)   genetic influences.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 9

According to the diathesis-stress model, monozygotic twins raised in the same household will

Accepted Answer

A)   not necessarily have the same disorders because of potential differences in their diathesis.
B)   have the same disorders because their diathesis and stress are exactly the same.
C)   not necessarily have the same disorders because of potential differences in their stress.
D)   have no more likelihood of sharing a disorder than any other two randomly selected individuals from the population.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 10

Your uncle spent most of his teen years in a hospital undergoing treatment for a severe physical illness. As an adult, he is rather shy and withdrawn, particularly around women. He has been diagnosed with social phobia, which you believe is entirely due to lack of socialization during his teen years. Your theory or model of what caused his phobia is _.

Accepted Answer

A)   multidimensional
B)   integrative
C)   one-dimensional
D)   biologicalE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 11

The network of glands that release chemical messengers directly into the bloodstream is called the .

Accepted Answer

A)   autonomic nervous system.
B)   somatic nervous system.
C)   limbic system.
D)   endocrine system.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

When one examines the current state of knowledge regarding genetics and life experience effects on brain structure and function, the best overall conclusion is that most psychological disorders are

Accepted Answer

A)   the result of a complex interaction of genetics and faulty neurotransmitter circuits.
B)   the result of stressful early life experiences and the negative effects such experiences have on brain structure or function.
C)   the result of both biological and psychosocial factors.
D)   beyond our current ability to understand in any meaningful way.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 13

Neurotransmitters are important because they

Accepted Answer

A)   allow neurons to send signals to other neurons.
B)   maintain the oxygenation of the brain.
C)   prevent the development of psychopathology.
D)   allow the brain to maintain its structural integrity.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 14

Bullying studies in mice suggest that the functions of the mesolimbic system

Accepted Answer

A)   can be switched from avoidance to reinforcement.
B)   can be switched from reinforcement to avoidance.
C)   cannot be changed by experience.
D)   can only be changed with drugs.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Insel, Scanlan, Champoux, and Soumi (1988)  raised one group of rhesus monkeys with the ability to control things in their environment and another group of monkeys who had no control of their environment (e.g., when they would receive treats and toys) . When injected with a drug that produces a feeling of severe anxiety, the monkeys

Accepted Answer

A)   raised with a sense of control appeared angry and aggressive while the monkeys raised without a sense of control appeared very anxious.
B)   raised with a sense of control appeared anxious while the monkeys raised without a sense of control appeared angry and aggressive.
C)   in both groups appeared anxious.
D)   in both groups appeared angry and aggressive.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Regarding biological influences on the development of psychopathology, the most accurate statement is

Accepted Answer

A)   both genetics and life events play a part in the development of brain structure and function that can affect vulnerability to psychopathology.
B)   life events can only cause changes in brain structure or function for those with genetic defects.
C)   early life events play a much greater role in the development of brain structure or function than genetics.
D)   vulnerability to psychopathology has little to do with the brain changes associated with genetics or early life events.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Cognitive-behavior therapy facilitates changes in thinking patterns in the cortex, which in turn affects the emotional brain. This is called .

Accepted Answer

A)   confabulation
B)   consolidation
C)   a top-down change
D)   a bottom-up changeE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 18

What are the basic components of the multidimensional integrative model, and what does the term integrative mean in this model?

Accepted Answer

-Behavioral
-Biological
-Socia...

Question 19

The chemicals that allow transmission of signals between neurons are called .

Accepted Answer

A)   re-uptake inhibitors
B)   hormones
C)   neurotransmitters
D)   genesE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Recent research has associated the with autism. This is also the part of the brain that controls motor coordination.

Accepted Answer

A)   reticular activating system (RAS) 
B)   medulla
C)   pons
D)   cerebellumE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Exam 2: An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology

Cognitive-behavior therapy facilitates changes in thinking patterns in the cortex, which in turn affects the emotional brain. This is called .

Correct Answer
verified

According to recent estimates, genetic contributions to the development of most psychological disorders are _.

Correct Answer
verified

According to the diathesis-stress model, monozygotic twins raised in the same household will

Correct Answer
verified

Studies regarding rat learning and brain structure by Greenough, et al. (1990) and Wallace, et al. (1992) suggest that

Correct Answer
verified

What are the basic components of the multidimensional integrative model, and what does the term integrative mean in this model?

Correct Answer
verified
-Behavioral
-Biological
-Socia...
View Answer

The term equifinality refers to the fact that

Correct Answer
verified

Name three important neurotransmitters and describe what impact each one is thought to have on human experience.

Correct Answer
verified
GABA- inhibitory neurotransmitter
Glutam...
View Answer

Regarding biological influences on the development of psychopathology, the most accurate statement is

Correct Answer
verified

The chemicals that allow transmission of signals between neurons are called .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

According to Seligman, if a person who is faced with considerable stress and difficulty in his/her life displays an optimistic, upbeat attitude, he/she is likely to function better psychologically and physically. He called this ______________.

Correct Answer
verified

Bullying studies in mice suggest that the functions of the mesolimbic system

Correct Answer
verified

Recent research has associated the with autism. This is also the part of the brain that controls motor coordination.

Correct Answer
verified

Rescorla (1988) demonstrated that simply pairing two events closely in time

Correct Answer
verified

The network of glands that release chemical messengers directly into the bloodstream is called the .

Correct Answer
verified

When one examines the current state of knowledge regarding genetics and life experience effects on brain structure and function, the best overall conclusion is that most psychological disorders are

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The fact that women are more likely to suffer from insect phobias than men is most likely due to

Correct Answer
verified

Neurotransmitters are important because they

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 2: An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology

Cognitive-behavior therapy facilitates changes in thinking patterns in the cortex, which in turn affects the emotional brain. This is called .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to recent estimates, genetic contributions to the development of most psychological disorders are _.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the diathesis-stress model, monozygotic twins raised in the same household will

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies regarding rat learning and brain structure by Greenough, et al. (1990) and Wallace, et al. (1992) suggest that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the basic components of the multidimensional integrative model, and what does the term integrative mean in this model?

Correct Answerverified-Behavioral-Biological-Socia...View AnswerShow Answer

The term equifinality refers to the fact that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Name three important neurotransmitters and describe what impact each one is thought to have on human experience.

Correct AnswerverifiedGABA- inhibitory neurotransmitterGlutam...View AnswerShow Answer

Regarding biological influences on the development of psychopathology, the most accurate statement is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The chemicals that allow transmission of signals between neurons are called .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Seligman, if a person who is faced with considerable stress and difficulty in his/her life displays an optimistic, upbeat attitude, he/she is likely to function better psychologically and physically. He called this ______________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bullying studies in mice suggest that the functions of the mesolimbic system

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Recent research has associated the with autism. This is also the part of the brain that controls motor coordination.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rescorla (1988) demonstrated that simply pairing two events closely in time

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The network of glands that release chemical messengers directly into the bloodstream is called the .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When one examines the current state of knowledge regarding genetics and life experience effects on brain structure and function, the best overall conclusion is that most psychological disorders are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fact that women are more likely to suffer from insect phobias than men is most likely due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Neurotransmitters are important because they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
-Behavioral
-Biological
-Socia...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
GABA- inhibitory neurotransmitter
Glutam...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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