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Exam 7: The First Two Years: Psychosocial Development

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Question 41

Multiple Choice

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According to cognitive theory, an infant's early experiences are not necessarily pivotal; the _____ is.

A) interpretation
B) outcome
C) context
D) scaffolding

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Question 42

Multiple Choice

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Day care in which several paid, trained providers care for many children in a space designed especially for the purpose of day care is a type of _____.

A) allocare
B) decentralized day care
C) nonfamilial day care
D) extrafamilial day care

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Question 43

Multiple Choice

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Developmentalists have found that social learning takes place _____.

The Strange Situation is a classic laboratory procedure used to measure attachment.

According to the text, who encourages infants to explore, and who tends to encourage cautiousness?

Explain the role that social awareness plays in the development of pride and shame. What role does culture play in the development of pride and shame?

Eddie was a securely attached infant. As a preschooler, his living situation changed, so his attachment has loosened. This makes sense, because attachment status can change over time.

Children's trait differences that originate with nature, or genes, are called _____.

Self-recognition, as revealed by the mirror test, usually emerges at about 8 months.

Among several essential characteristics, high-quality day care during infancy has _____.

According to Erikson, failure to develop autonomy over one's own actions is most closely identified with _____.

The Western value of independence is clearly exhibited in _____.

Dr. Berkowitz is doing research using the Strange Situation in order to measure a child's _____.

Proximal parenting involves close physical contact with a child, while _____ parenting involves engaging the child more intellectually.

Diana is meeting her friend's 1-year-old daughter for the first time. How can she and her friend use the child's social referencing to allow Diana to approach the child? List at least three factors that will determine the child's response.

When Birgitta gave birth, her mother moved in with the young family to help care for the newborn. This sort of caregiving by someone other than the baby's parent is called _____.

According to cognitive theorists, values and thoughts determine one's perspective on the world.

When a father makes a silly face and his infant widens her eyes in surprise, there is evidence of synchrony.

Infants of depressed mothers are better off staying home with their mothers than being sent to other caregiving situations.

Harry's mother left him for a few minutes. When she returned, Harry climbed into her lap and then resumed playing. Harry is probably a(n) _____ attached child.