Question 1

For most protein-coding genes, the rate of substitution in _____ is considerably higher than in _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   synonymous sites; nonsynonymous sites
B)   nonsynonymous sites; synonymous sites
C)   nonsynonymous sites; introns
D)   3' untranslated regions; synonymous sites
E)   3' untranslated regions; intronsF) C) and D)
G) A) and C) A

Question 2

Which reproductive isolating mechanism is exhibited by two different Drosophila species where one species breeds in the early morning and the other in the afternoon?

Accepted Answer

A)   prezygotic ecological
B)   postzygotic
C)   prezygotic behavioral
D)   prezygotic temporal
E)   prezygotic mechanicalF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 3

What two factors are thought to play a critical role in sympatric speciation? Explain how they lead to sympatric speciation.

Accepted Answer

Two factors that are thought to play a c...

Question 4

Protein electrophoresis was the first molecular technique to measure genetic variation. However, this technique normally underestimates the true amount of genetic variation. Why?

Accepted Answer

Protein electrophoresis underestimates the true amount of genetic variation because it only measures variation in the proteins themselves, rather than directly measuring the genetic variation in the DNA. This means that it may miss certain types of genetic variation, such as silent mutations or variations in non-coding regions of the DNA. Additionally, protein electrophoresis may not be able to detect all the different forms of a protein that can be produced by genetic variation, leading to an underestimation of the true genetic diversity present in a population. As a result, more advanced molecular techniques, such as DNA sequencing, are now used to more accurately measure genetic variation.

Question 5

Discuss the role of the availability of whole-genome sequences in understanding the evolutionary process.

Accepted Answer

The availability of whole-genome sequenc...

Question 6

How has molecular data helped resolve the evolutionary relationships among distantly related taxa?

Accepted Answer

Molecular data has played a crucial role...

Question 7

_____ is the idea that, if postzygotic isolating mechanisms exist between two species, then natural selection will favor traits that lead to the evolution of prezygotic isolating mechanisms.

Accepted Answer

A)   Hybrid breakdown
B)   Reinforcement
C)   Gametic isolation
D)   Phylogenetic species
E)   Hybrid inviabilityF) C) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 8

(a) What is a molecular clock? (b) In what situation(s) would it be especially useful? (c) Explain how a molecular clock is calibrated. (d) What are some known problems with using molecular clocks?

Accepted Answer

(a) A molecular clock is a technique use...

Question 9

In most cases, different species are distinguished on the basis of:

Accepted Answer

A)   genetic differences.
B)   phenotypic differences.
C)   time since anagenesis.
D)   the absence of reproductive isolating mechanisms.
E)   differences in ploidy level.F) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 10

How much genetic differentiation is required for reproductive isolation to take place?

Accepted Answer

The amount of genetic differentiation re...

Question 11

Which of the following are homologous?

Accepted Answer

A)   bat wings and fly wings
B)   bat wings and bird legs
C)   bat wings and human hands
D)   bat wings and human feet
E)   bat wings and bird wingsF) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 12

Before the advent of molecular techniques, researchers indirectly assessed genetic variation in populations through the study of _____ diversity.

Accepted Answer

A)   protein
B)   phenotypic
C)   mutational
D)   behavioral
E)   fossilF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

In Darwin's finches (Figure 26.6, below) , which genera have the LATEST common ancestor in common?

Accepted Answer

A)   Geospiza and Certhidea
B)   Pinaroloxias and Camarhynchus
C)   Geospiza and Camarhynchus
D)   Geospiza and Pinaroloxias
E)   Pinaroloxias and PlatyspizaF) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 14

Based on the gene tree in Figure 26.11 (below) , which of the following pairs of genes are MOST similar?

Accepted Answer

A)   tilapia PRL1 and cherry salmon SOMA
B)   human SOMA and human PRL
C)   alligator PRL2 and chicken PRL
D)   catfish PRL and chicken SOMA
E)   whale PRL and catfish PRLF) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 15

_____ are sets of genes that are similar in sequence but encode different products.

Accepted Answer

A)   Codons
B)   Genomes
C)   Exons
D)   Pseudogenes
E)   Multigene familiesF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 16

The neutral-mutation hypothesis does NOT suggest that:

Accepted Answer

A)   the evolution of most genetic variation in a population is influenced by genetic drift.
B)   when natural selection is at work on protein variants, it will lead to little variation in the population.
C)   most molecular variation is adaptively neutral-for example, most protein variants are functionally equivalent.
D)   natural selection is still an important evolutionary force.
E)   genetic variation in a population is maintained mainly by natural selection.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 17

A phylogenetic tree for three species, A, B, and C, is shown below.  A particular DNA region that is shared by all three species is cloned from each species and sequenced. There are about 100 nucleotide substitutions between A and C and between B and C. There are only 20 differences between A and B. The fossil record indicates that the ancestor to A and B diverged from the ancestor to C around 10 million years ago. What is the best estimate of the divergence between A and B based on this information, assuming a constant rate of mutation and the same rate of mutation on all branches?

Accepted Answer

A)   1 million years ago
B)   2 million years ago
C)   5 million years ago
D)   10 million years ago
E)   20 million years agoF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 18

According to the molecular clock data in Figure 26.14 (below) , approximately what proportion of differences (per amino acid site)  has accumulated between the common ancestor of all vertebrates (including fish)  and the common ancestor of humans and kangaroos?

Accepted Answer

A)   0.1
B)   0.3
C)   0.5
D)   0.7
E)   0.9F) A) and B)
G) B) and D) C

Question 19

The microsatellite study of bighorn sheep described in Section 26.1 was a study of:

Accepted Answer

A)   anagenesis.
B)   cladogenesis.
C)   speciation.
D)   proteins.
E)   variation but not evolution.F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 20

In Darwin's finches (Figure 26.6, below) , the species Geospiza magnirostris is MOST closely related to which species?

Accepted Answer

A)   Geospiza scandens
B)   Geospiza fortis
C)   Geospiza conirostris
D)   Geospiza difficilis
E)   Certhidea olivaceaF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Exam 26: Evolutionary Genetics

For most protein-coding genes, the rate of substitution in _ is considerably higher than in _.

Correct Answer
verified
A

Which reproductive isolating mechanism is exhibited by two different Drosophila species where one species breeds in the early morning and the other in the afternoon?

Correct Answer
verified

What two factors are thought to play a critical role in sympatric speciation? Explain how they lead to sympatric speciation.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Two factors that are thought to play a c...
View Answer

Protein electrophoresis was the first molecular technique to measure genetic variation. However, this technique normally underestimates the true amount of genetic variation. Why?

Discuss the role of the availability of whole-genome sequences in understanding the evolutionary process.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The availability of whole-genome sequenc...
View Answer

How has molecular data helped resolve the evolutionary relationships among distantly related taxa?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Molecular data has played a crucial role...
View Answer

_____ is the idea that, if postzygotic isolating mechanisms exist between two species, then natural selection will favor traits that lead to the evolution of prezygotic isolating mechanisms.

Correct Answer
verified

(a) What is a molecular clock? (b) In what situation(s) would it be especially useful? (c) Explain how a molecular clock is calibrated. (d) What are some known problems with using molecular clocks?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
(a) A molecular clock is a technique use...
View Answer

In most cases, different species are distinguished on the basis of:

Correct Answer
verified

How much genetic differentiation is required for reproductive isolation to take place?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The amount of genetic differentiation re...
View Answer

Which of the following are homologous?

Correct Answer
verified

Before the advent of molecular techniques, researchers indirectly assessed genetic variation in populations through the study of _____ diversity.

Correct Answer
verified

In Darwin's finches (Figure 26.6, below) , which genera have the LATEST common ancestor in common?

Correct Answer
verified

Based on the gene tree in Figure 26.11 (below) , which of the following pairs of genes are MOST similar?

Correct Answer
verified

_____ are sets of genes that are similar in sequence but encode different products.

Correct Answer
verified

The neutral-mutation hypothesis does NOT suggest that:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

According to the molecular clock data in Figure 26.14 (below) , approximately what proportion of differences (per amino acid site) has accumulated between the common ancestor of all vertebrates (including fish) and the common ancestor of humans and kangaroos?

Correct Answer
verified
C

The microsatellite study of bighorn sheep described in Section 26.1 was a study of:

Correct Answer
verified

In Darwin's finches (Figure 26.6, below) , the species Geospiza magnirostris is MOST closely related to which species?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 26: Evolutionary Genetics

For most protein-coding genes, the rate of substitution in _____ is considerably higher than in _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which reproductive isolating mechanism is exhibited by two different Drosophila species where one species breeds in the early morning and the other in the afternoon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What two factors are thought to play a critical role in sympatric speciation? Explain how they lead to sympatric speciation.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AITwo factors that are thought to play a c...View AnswerShow Answer

Protein electrophoresis was the first molecular technique to measure genetic variation. However, this technique normally underestimates the true amount of genetic variation. Why?

Discuss the role of the availability of whole-genome sequences in understanding the evolutionary process.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe availability of whole-genome sequenc...View AnswerShow Answer

How has molecular data helped resolve the evolutionary relationships among distantly related taxa?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIMolecular data has played a crucial role...View AnswerShow Answer

_____ is the idea that, if postzygotic isolating mechanisms exist between two species, then natural selection will favor traits that lead to the evolution of prezygotic isolating mechanisms.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

(a) What is a molecular clock? (b) In what situation(s) would it be especially useful? (c) Explain how a molecular clock is calibrated. (d) What are some known problems with using molecular clocks?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AI(a) A molecular clock is a technique use...View AnswerShow Answer

In most cases, different species are distinguished on the basis of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How much genetic differentiation is required for reproductive isolation to take place?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe amount of genetic differentiation re...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following are homologous?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Before the advent of molecular techniques, researchers indirectly assessed genetic variation in populations through the study of _____ diversity.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Darwin's finches (Figure 26.6, below) , which genera have the LATEST common ancestor in common?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the gene tree in Figure 26.11 (below) , which of the following pairs of genes are MOST similar?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ are sets of genes that are similar in sequence but encode different products.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The neutral-mutation hypothesis does NOT suggest that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the molecular clock data in Figure 26.14 (below) , approximately what proportion of differences (per amino acid site) has accumulated between the common ancestor of all vertebrates (including fish) and the common ancestor of humans and kangaroos?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The microsatellite study of bighorn sheep described in Section 26.1 was a study of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Darwin's finches (Figure 26.6, below) , the species Geospiza magnirostris is MOST closely related to which species?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For most protein-coding genes, the rate of substitution in _ is considerably higher than in _.

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Two factors that are thought to play a c...
View Answer

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The availability of whole-genome sequenc...
View Answer

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Molecular data has played a crucial role...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
(a) A molecular clock is a technique use...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The amount of genetic differentiation re...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
C

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified