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Exam 25: Population Genetics

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Question 41

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By the early 1980s, the population of Florida panthers had dwindled to fewer than 30. Within this population, there was a high frequency of detrimental traits, including low sperm count and undescended testicles in males and kinked tails in both sexes. The future for this iconic population was bleak at best. Which of the following provides the BEST explanation for the observed detrimental traits?

A) The mutation rate in this population is very high due to the small number of individuals.
B) Natural selection is acting in this population and resulting in more individuals with detrimental traits.
C) Migration of individuals into this population has introduced more detrimental traits.
D) The population is experiencing a genetic bottleneck, where the genetic variation is declining and harmful alleles are drifting to high frequencies.
E) Recurrent mutation and natural selection are acting as opposing forces on this population and an equilibrium has not yet been reached.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Question 42

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You are studying the population in Iceland for X-linked alleles, and sampling experiments indicate that about 6% of the men have red-green color blindness (caused by a recessive, X-linked allele c). Assume that the population in Iceland mates randomly. a. What percentage of men will carry the allele c? What percentage of women will carry at least one copy of the allele? b. What percentage of women is expected to be color blind? c. What percentage of the total population is color blind? d. What percentage of color-blind individuals are men? e. What percentage of individuals in the population is expected to be normal carriers for the color-blind allele? f. After two generations, what percentage of men in the population is expected to be color blind? To have normal vision?

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a.1. To find the percentage of men c...

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Question 43

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Evolutionary geneticists carefully genotype a population of saber-toothed tigers and find the following genotypes: 250 tigers are A¹/A¹, 500 tigers are A¹/ A², and 250 tigers are A²/A². Tragically, an asteroid lands in the middle of the population, killing 50% of each genotype. What will the genotypic frequencies be in the next generation?

You are studying cannibals in Borneo and want to determine if a specific village population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with respect to the two co-dominant M and N blood type alleles (L^M, L^N) segregating at the single-gene locus. Choose the answer below that gives the correct expected number of M, MN, and N individuals and the critical value to which you will compare your chi-square value (see Table 3.7 for critical values) . $\begin{array}{lllc}&&&\underline{ Phenotypes }\\\text { M } & \text { MN } &N& \text { Total \# genotypes } \\287 & 665 & 123 & 1075\end{array}$

A population consists of 100 individuals of the following genotypes: $\begin{array} { | c | c | c | } \hline \boldsymbol { A A } & \boldsymbol { A a } & \boldsymbol { a } \\\hline 55 & 20 & 25 \\\hline\end{array}$ a. What is the frequency of the A allele? b. What is the frequency of the a allele? c. Is the population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Explain your answer. d. What agent of evolution would systematically produce this genotypic distribution?

Because real-life populations are, of course, not infinitely large, why is the Hardy-Weinberg condition of an "infinitely large population" usually met for natural populations?

Like the ABO blood type antigens, the co-dominant M-N antigens are also present in human red blood cells. A sample of 5631 individuals in a population was examined for M-N antigens, and the results follow. a. Calculate the frequency of each allele in the population. b. Are the M-N genotypes in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? • Blood type M (L^ML^M): 1245 individuals • Blood type MN (L^ML^N): 3421 individuals • Blood type N (L^NL^N): 965 individuals

The fitness for a particular species of South American bats is determined by a single gene locus with two segregating alleles, (W) and (w), which determines echo-location ability. The dominant allele W causes normal echo-location, whereas the recessive allele w impairs echo-location ability. In the large bat population that you are studying, you determine initial frequencies of the W and w alleles to be 0.7 (p) and 0.3 (q), respectively. If the genotypes are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium on fertilization, and the selection coefficient (s) is 0.4, determine the effects of natural selection on the allelic frequencies after one generation.

DNA typing is used to compare evidence DNA (E) left at a crime scene to two suspects (S1 and S2) . Suspect 1 is excluded by the evidence, but suspect 2 remains included. What is the frequency of suspect 2's genotype if the allelic frequencies in the population are f(A₁) = 0.1, f(A₂) = 0.2, and f(A₃) = 0.7, and the population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?