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Figure 16-13 Figure 16-13   -Refer to Figure 16-13. What is the first step in this industry's adjustment to long run equilibrium? -Refer to Figure 16-13. What is the first step in this industry's adjustment to long run equilibrium?

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Figure 16-8 The lines in the figures below illustrate the potential effect of entry and exit in a monopolistically competitive market on either the demand curve or the marginal cost curve of existing firms. Figure 16-8 The lines in the figures below illustrate the potential effect of entry and exit in a monopolistically competitive market on either the demand curve or the marginal cost curve of existing firms.   -Refer to Figure 16-8. Which of the diagrams illustrates the impact of some existing firms leaving the market? A) panel a B) panel b C) panel c D) panel d -Refer to Figure 16-8. Which of the diagrams illustrates the impact of some existing firms leaving the market?


A) panel a
B) panel b
C) panel c
D) panel d

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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When a monopolistically competitive firm is in a long-run equilibrium, the values of marginal cost, average total cost, and price are all the same.

A) True
B) False

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Table 16-1 The following table shows the percentage of output supplied by the top eight firms in four different industries. Table 16-1 The following table shows the percentage of output supplied by the top eight firms in four different industries.   -Refer to Table 16-1. Which industry has the highest concentration ratio? A) Industry A B) Industry B C) Industry C D) Industry D -Refer to Table 16-1. Which industry has the highest concentration ratio?


A) Industry A
B) Industry B
C) Industry C
D) Industry D

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Figure 16-11 Figure 16-11   -Refer to Figure 16-11. If this firm profit-maximizes, how much output will it produce? -Refer to Figure 16-11. If this firm profit-maximizes, how much output will it produce?

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A recent outbreak of hepatitis was linked to a national fast-food restaurant chain. This is an example of a case in which


A) brand name identity increases the effectiveness of markets.
B) brand name identity can be detrimental to the profitability of a firm.
C) advertising is ineffective in salvaging perceptions of product quality.
D) advertising cannot be used to establish brand loyalty.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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The product-variety externality states that entry of a new firm conveys a negative externality on consumers.

A) True
B) False

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Scenario 16-2 Suppose market demand for a product is given by the equation P = 20 - Q. For this market demand curve, marginal revenue is MR = 20 - 2Q. -Refer to Scenario 16-2. If the marginal cost of producing this good is 4, how much total consumer surplus would consumers receive in this market?


A) 8
B) 12
C) 32
D) 64

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Figure 16-13 Figure 16-13   -Refer to Figure 16-13. Which letter represents the profit-maximizing price? -Refer to Figure 16-13. Which letter represents the profit-maximizing price?

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If advertising reduces a consumer's price sensitivity between identical goods, it is likely to


A) increase the elasticity of demand for differentiated products.
B) enhance competition and encourage more product diversity.
C) reduce competition and reduce social welfare.
D) encourage the consumption of all homogenous goods.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Economists who argue that advertising enhances market efficiency suggest that celebrity advertising signals inferior product quality.

A) True
B) False

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Consider a monopolistically competitive firm in a market in long-run equilibrium. This firm is likely earning


A) a positive economic profit since it is charging a price above marginal cost.
B) no economic profit since it is charging a price equal to its marginal cost.
C) a positive economic profit since it is charging a price above its average total cost.
D) no economic profit since it is charging a price equal to it average total cost.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Monopolistic competition is a type of


A) oligopoly.
B) market structure.
C) price discrimination.
D) advertising strategy.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Scenario 16-3 Peter operates an ice cream shop in the center of Fairfield. He sells several unusual flavors of organic, homemade ice cream so he has a monopoly over his own ice cream, though he competes with many other firms selling ice cream in Fairfield for the same customers. Peter's demand and cost values for sales per day are given in the table below. (Everyone who purchases Peter's ice cream buys a double scoop cone because it's so delicious.) Scenario 16-3 Peter operates an ice cream shop in the center of Fairfield. He sells several unusual flavors of organic, homemade ice cream so he has a monopoly over his own ice cream, though he competes with many other firms selling ice cream in Fairfield for the same customers. Peter's demand and cost values for sales per day are given in the table below. (Everyone who purchases Peter's ice cream buys a double scoop cone because it's so delicious.)    -Refer to Scenario 16-3. Which of the following statements best describes the long run adjustment in this market? A) One or more ice cream shops in Fairfield closes, increasing the demand for Peter's ice cream. Peter's profits increase and he sustains positive profits in the long run. B) One or more ice cream shops in Fairfield closes, increasing the demand for Peter's ice cream. Peter's profits increase until he earns zero profit. C) One or more new ice cream shops in Fairfield opens and competes with Peter for customers, reducing the demand for Peter's ice cream. Peter's profits decline until he incurs losses and exits the industry. D) One or more new ice cream shops in Fairfield opens and competes with Peter for customers, reducing the demand for Peter's ice cream. Peter's profits decline until he earns zero profit. -Refer to Scenario 16-3. Which of the following statements best describes the long run adjustment in this market?


A) One or more ice cream shops in Fairfield closes, increasing the demand for Peter's ice cream. Peter's profits increase and he sustains positive profits in the long run.
B) One or more ice cream shops in Fairfield closes, increasing the demand for Peter's ice cream. Peter's profits increase until he earns zero profit.
C) One or more new ice cream shops in Fairfield opens and competes with Peter for customers, reducing the demand for Peter's ice cream. Peter's profits decline until he incurs losses and exits the industry.
D) One or more new ice cream shops in Fairfield opens and competes with Peter for customers, reducing the demand for Peter's ice cream. Peter's profits decline until he earns zero profit.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Scenario 16-2 Suppose market demand for a product is given by the equation P = 20 - Q. For this market demand curve, marginal revenue is MR = 20 - 2Q. -Refer to Scenario 16-2. If the marginal cost of producing this good is 4, what quantity would a profit-maximizing monopolist produce?


A) Q = 2
B) Q = 4
C) Q = 6
D) Q = 8

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Entry of new firms in monopolistically competitive industries can convey a negative externality on producers because firms lose customers and profits from the entry of new competitors. This externality is called the

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business-s...

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Figure 16-11 Figure 16-11   -Refer to Figure 16-11. If this firm profit-maximizes, what price will it charge? -Refer to Figure 16-11. If this firm profit-maximizes, what price will it charge?

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The typical firm in the US economy


A) has some degree of market power.
B) sells its product for a price that is equal to the marginal cost of producing the last unit.
C) is perfectly competitive.
D) is a monopoly.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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​An empirical study compared the price of eyeglasses in states that restricted advertising by optometrists with those that did not.The study revealed: ​


A) ​That the average price of eyeglasses in states where advertising was restricted was higher than the average price in states were advertising was not restricted
B) ​That the average price of eyeglasses in states where advertising was not restricted was higher than the average price in states where advertising was restricted
C) ​That the average price of eyeglasses did not differ between states where advertising was restricted and those in which advertising was not restricted
D) ​That the greater the level of advertising, the higher the average price of eyeglasses

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Although monopolistically competitive markets offer consumers a wide variety of differentiated products, there may still be insufficient variety if


A) there are large fixed costs in the market.
B) there are no barriers to entry in the market.
C) the business-stealing externality is present in the market.
D) the government does not impose regulations on the market.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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