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Exam 13: The Costs of Production

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Question 121

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Table 13-14 $\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Labor } & \text { Output } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Marginal } \\\text { Product }\end{array} & \begin{array} { l } \text { Variable } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array} { l } \text { Fixed } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} \\\hline 0 & 0 & - & \$ 0 & \$ 10 \\\hline 1 & 200 & 200 & \$ 20 & \$ 10 \\\hline 2 & 350 & & \$ 40 & \$ 10 \\\hline 3 & 450 & & \$ 60 & \$ 10 \\\hline 4 & & 50 & \$ 80 & \$ 10 \\\hline 5 & & 25 & \$ 100 & \$ 10 \\\hline 6 & 530 & & \$ 120 & \$ 10 \\\hline\end{array}$ -Refer to Table 13-14. What is the average total cost of producing 525 units of output?

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ATC = TC/Q...

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Question 122

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Diminishing marginal product exists when the total cost curve becomes horizontal as outputs increases.

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Question 123

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Figure 13-1 ​ ​ ​ -Refer to Figure 13-1. The graph illustrates a typical

The typical total-cost curve is U-shaped.

Table 13-14 $\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Labor } & \text { Output } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Marginal } \\\text { Product }\end{array} & \begin{array} { l } \text { Variable } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array} { l } \text { Fixed } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} \\\hline 0 & 0 & - & \$ 0 & \$ 10 \\\hline 1 & 200 & 200 & \$ 20 & \$ 10 \\\hline 2 & 350 & & \$ 40 & \$ 10 \\\hline 3 & 450 & & \$ 60 & \$ 10 \\\hline 4 & & 50 & \$ 80 & \$ 10 \\\hline 5 & & 25 & \$ 100 & \$ 10 \\\hline 6 & 530 & & \$ 120 & \$ 10 \\\hline\end{array}$ -Refer to Table 13-14. What is the average fixed cost of producing 450 units of output?

Table 13-15 $\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Labor } & \text { Output } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Marginal } \\\text { Product }\end{array} & \begin{array} { l } \text { Variable } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array} { l } \text { Fixed } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} \\\hline 0 & 0 & - & \$ 0 & \$ 5 \\\hline 1 & 100 & 100 & \$ 5 & \$ 5 \\\hline 2 & 250 & & \$ 10 & \$ 5 \\\hline 3 & 350 & & \$ 15 & \$ 5 \\\hline 4 & & 50 & \$ 20 & \$ 5 \\\hline 5 & & 25 & \$ 25 & \$ 5 \\\hline 6 & 430 & & \$ 30 & \$ 5 \\\hline\end{array}$ -Refer to Table 13-15. What is the marginal product of the second worker?

Suppose that a firm's long-run average total costs of producing televisions decreases as it produces between 70,000 and 80,000 televisions. For this range of output, the firm is experiencing

Table 13-5 The following table shows the production and costs for the Wooden Chair Factory. ​ ​ $\begin{array} { | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | } \hline \begin{array} { c } \text { Labor } \\\text { (Number of } \\\text { workers) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Capital } \\\text { (Number of } \\\text { machines) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Output } \\\text { (Chairs } \\\text { produced per } \\\text { hour) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Marginal } \\\text { Product of } \\\text { Labor } \\\text { (Chairs } \\\text { produced per } \\\text { hour) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Cost of } \\\text { Workers } \\\text { (Dollars) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Cost of } \\\text { Machines } \\\text { (Dollars }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Total } \\\text { Cost } \\\text { (Dollars) }\end{array} \\\hline 1 & 2 & 5 & & & & \\\hline 2 & 2 & 10 & & & & \\\hline 3 & 2 & 20 & & & & \\\hline 4 & 2 & 35 & & & & \\\hline 5 & 2 & 55 & & & & \\\hline 6 & 2 & 70 & & & & \\\hline 7 & 2 & 80 & & & & \\\hline\end{array}$ ​ -Refer to Table 13-5. The Wooden Chair Factory experiences diminishing marginal product of labor with the addition of which worker?

Describe the difference between the short run and the long run.

Consider a small family wheat farm. List some examples of explicit costs of farming.

Kate is a florist. Kate can arrange 20 bouquets per day. She is considering hiring her husband William to work for her. William can arrange 18 bouquets per day. What would be the total daily output of Kate's firm if she hired her husband?

Table 13-8 ​ ​ $\begin{array} { | c | c | c | } \hline \begin{array} { c } \text { Output } \\\text { (Units) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Fixed Cost } \\\text { (Dollars) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Variable Cost } \\\text { (Dollars) }\end{array} \\\hline 0 & 20 & 0 \\\hline 1 & 20 & 10 \\\hline 2 & 20 & 40 \\\hline 3 & 20 & 80 \\\hline 4 & 20 & 130 \\\hline 5 & 20 & 200 \\\hline 6 & 20 & 300 \\\hline\end{array}$ -Refer to Table 13-8. What is the marginal cost of producing the fifth unit of output?

Suppose that for a particular firm the only variable input into the production process is labor and that output equals zero when no workers are hired. In addition, suppose that the average total cost when 5 units of output are produced is $80, and the marginal cost of the sixth unit of output is $160. What is the average total cost when six units are produced?

Table 13-7 The following table shows the production costs for The Flying Elvis Copter Rides. ​ ​ $\begin{array} { | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c } \hline \begin{array} { c } \text { Output } \\\text { (Helicopter } \\\text { rides) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Total } \\\text { Cost } \\\text { (Dollars) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Fixed } \\\text { Cost } \\\text { (Dollars) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Variable } \\\text { Cost } \\\text { (Dollars) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Marginal } \\\text { Cost } \\\text { (Dollars) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Average } \\\text { Fixed Cost } \\\text { (Dollars per } \\\text { ride) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Average } \\\text { Variable } \\\text { Cost } \\\text { (Dollars per } \\\text { ride) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Avera } \\\text { Total Cost } \\\text { (Dollars } \\\text { ride) }\end{array} \\\hline 0 & 50 & 50 & 0 & - - & - & - & - \\\hline 1 & 150 & \mathrm {~A} & \mathrm {~B} & \mathrm { C } & \mathrm { D } & \mathrm { E } & \mathrm { F } \\\hline 2 & \mathrm { G } & \mathrm { H } & \mathrm { I } & 120 & \mathrm {~J} & \mathrm {~K} & \mathrm {~L} \\\hline 3 & \mathrm { M } & \mathrm { N } & \mathrm { O } & \mathrm { P } & \mathrm { Q } & 120 & \mathrm { R } \\\hline\end{array}$ ​ ​ ​ ​ -Refer to Table 13-7. What is the value of E?

​If an industry exhibits economies of scale, one larger firm may be able to produce goods at a lower long-run average cost than two smaller firms.

Scenario 13-3 Diamond is an organic brocolli farmer, but she also spends part of her day as a professional organizing consultant. As a consultant, Diamond helps people organize their houses. Due to the popularity of her home-organization services, Farmer Diamond has more clients requesting her services than she has time to help if she maintains her farming business. Farmer Diamond charges $45 an hour for her home-organization services. One spring day, Diamond spends 8 hours in her fields planting $130 worth of seeds on her farm. She expects that the seeds she planted will yield $300 worth of brocolli. -Refer to Scenario 13-3. Diamond's economic profit from farming equals

Average total cost reveals how much total cost will change as the firm alters its level of production.

Table 13-14 $\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Labor } & \text { Output } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Marginal } \\\text { Product }\end{array} & \begin{array} { l } \text { Variable } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array} { l } \text { Fixed } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} \\\hline 0 & 0 & - & \$ 0 & \$ 10 \\\hline 1 & 200 & 200 & \$ 20 & \$ 10 \\\hline 2 & 350 & & \$ 40 & \$ 10 \\\hline 3 & 450 & & \$ 60 & \$ 10 \\\hline 4 & & 50 & \$ 80 & \$ 10 \\\hline 5 & & 25 & \$ 100 & \$ 10 \\\hline 6 & 530 & & \$ 120 & \$ 10 \\\hline\end{array}$ -Refer to Table 13-14. What is the shape of the average-total-cost curve?

Suppose a certain firm is able to produce 110 units of output per day when 12 workers are hired. The firm is able to produce 120 units of output per day when 13 workers are hired, holding other inputs fixed. The marginal product of the 13th worker is

Figure 13-5 -Refer to Figure 13-5. Which of the following statements is correct?