Question 1

In forensic identification, it is crucial to know whether a specific technique, for example, hair analysis, can actually measure if one hair matches another one. If the technique doesn't do a good job, it means it has:

Accepted Answer

A)   high interrater validity.
B)   low external reliability.
C)   high test-retest reliability.
D)   low measurement validity.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

When comparing the latent prints with the suspect's fingerprints, a _____ makes a decision on whether there is a _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   person; crime
B)   computer; match
C)   person; match
D)   computer; crimeE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 3

If a measure or observation consistently produces similar results through repeated measurements, it is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   validity.
B)   reliability.
C)   practicality.
D)   accuracy.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

According to the text, forensic experts testifying in court often cannot provide scientific data about error rates. Instead, they are more likely to invoke their:

Accepted Answer

A)   vast experience as a fingerprint examiner.
B)   level of education.
C)   recognition in the profession.
D)   familial relationships.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Who pioneered the use of fingerprints in establishing identity?

Accepted Answer

A)   Alphonse Bertillon
B)   Francis Galton
C)   James Watson
D)   Charles DarwinE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Two fingerprint examiners have independently concluded that the suspect can be excluded as the source of the print. This scenario illustrates the _____ of fingerprint analysis as a measure.

Accepted Answer

A)   interrater reliability
B)   test-retest reliability
C)   temporal consistency
D)   interpersonal validityE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 7

The most frequently used DNA database system in the world is called CODIS. It is maintained by the:

Accepted Answer

A)   INTERPOL.
B)   FBI.
C)   CIA.
D)   Secret Service.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 8

To reduce error and bias, a blind test can be administered to a forensic examiner, which means that the examiner:

Accepted Answer

A)   does not know he or she is being tested.
B)   does not know the correct procedure to follow.
C)   is given a test once a year.
D)   performs a test while being blindfolded.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

How can errors in forensic investigations be reduced?

Accepted Answer

•Strict rules and procedures for handlin...

Question 10

Biometrics is the:

Accepted Answer

A)   study of facial features.
B)   study of skull shapes.
C)   identification of anomalies for the purpose of matching.
D)   identification based on measurable anatomical traits.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Ebony works as a fingerprint examiner. In a blind test, she is asked to determine if the two fingerprints match. She does not know that it is the same pair of fingerprints she has evaluated a few months before. To compare her previous decision with her current decision would allow us to measure:

Accepted Answer

A)   interrater reliability.
B)   test-retest reliability.
C)   internal consistency.
D)   interpersonal validity.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Temporal consistency is sometimes referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)   test-retest reliability.
B)   interrater reliability.
C)   superior validity.
D)   interobserver agreement.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Jurors have great difficulty making sense of _____ statements so they need additional explanations about the meaning of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   match; life
B)   statistical; lab testing
C)   match; lab testing
D)   statistical; probabilitiesE) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Forensic identification is less likely to result in inconclusive findings when a _____ left at the crime scene is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   fingerprint; partial.
B)   tire thread; incomplete.
C)   fingerprint; smudged.
D)   tire thread; clear.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

How does reliability differ from validity? Use examples to illustrate both.

Accepted Answer

•Reliability refers to consistency of me...

Question 16

A survey was administered to high school seniors in Anytown. According to the survey results, fewer than 5 of them drove drunk in the previous 6 months. However, Anytown police records indicate that more than 15 Anytown seniors were arrested for driving drunk in the previous 6 months. Based on this information, the survey has:

Accepted Answer

A)   high interrater validity.
B)   low interrater reliability.
C)   high test-retest reliability.
D)   low measurement validity.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

A false positive means that a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   expert declares there is no match when it actually matches.
B)   expert declares a match when there is no match in reality.
C)   judge declares a mistrial.
D)   jury nullifies the expert's credentials.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

A survey was administered to high school seniors in Anytown. According to the survey results, fewer than 0.5% of the students drove drunk in the previous 6 months. A month later, the survey was repeated and it again indicated that fewer than 0.5% of Anytown seniors drove drunk in the previous 6 months. Based on this information, the survey has:

Accepted Answer

A)   high interrater validity.
B)   low interrater reliability.
C)   high test--retest reliability.
D)   low measurement validity.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Diego is a forensic expert who is asked to testify whether the wound that the victim died from came from a knife found in the suspect's car. Diego has confirmed a high level of agreement between the knife and the wound, which in his professional opinion means the wound was produced by the knife in question. This type of opinion is called a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   quantitative statement.
B)   uncorroborated match.
C)   match plus statistics.
D)   individualization.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

The main similarity between Bertillon's anthropometry and modern biometrics is that both:

Accepted Answer

A)   use iris color and other facial features to identify individuals.
B)   are established fields of science that are widely used in court.
C)   establish the relationship between the skull shape and personality.
D)   aim to identify an individual based on measurable anatomical traces.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Exam 4: The Psychology of Forensic Identification: Dna, Fingerprints, and Physical Trace Evidence

According to the text, forensic experts testifying in court often cannot provide scientific data about error rates. Instead, they are more likely to invoke their:

Correct Answer
verified

The most frequently used DNA database system in the world is called CODIS. It is maintained by the:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The main similarity between Bertillon's anthropometry and modern biometrics is that both:

Correct Answer
verified

How does reliability differ from validity? Use examples to illustrate both.

Correct Answer
verified
•Reliability refers to consistency of me...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Two fingerprint examiners have independently concluded that the suspect can be excluded as the source of the print. This scenario illustrates the _____ of fingerprint analysis as a measure.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In forensic identification, it is crucial to know whether a specific technique, for example, hair analysis, can actually measure if one hair matches another one. If the technique doesn't do a good job, it means it has:

Correct Answer
verified

Ebony works as a fingerprint examiner. In a blind test, she is asked to determine if the two fingerprints match. She does not know that it is the same pair of fingerprints she has evaluated a few months before. To compare her previous decision with her current decision would allow us to measure:

Correct Answer
verified

If a measure or observation consistently produces similar results through repeated measurements, it is known as:

Correct Answer
verified

When comparing the latent prints with the suspect's fingerprints, a _ makes a decision on whether there is a _.

Correct Answer
verified

To reduce error and bias, a blind test can be administered to a forensic examiner, which means that the examiner:

Correct Answer
verified

Who pioneered the use of fingerprints in establishing identity?

Correct Answer
verified

Forensic identification is less likely to result in inconclusive findings when a _ left at the crime scene is _.

Correct Answer
verified

Jurors have great difficulty making sense of _ statements so they need additional explanations about the meaning of _.

Correct Answer
verified

A false positive means that a(n) :

Correct Answer
verified

Biometrics is the:

Correct Answer
verified

Temporal consistency is sometimes referred to as:

Correct Answer
verified

How can errors in forensic investigations be reduced?

Correct Answer
verified
•Strict rules and procedures for handlin...
View Answer

Exam 4: The Psychology of Forensic Identification: Dna, Fingerprints, and Physical Trace Evidence

According to the text, forensic experts testifying in court often cannot provide scientific data about error rates. Instead, they are more likely to invoke their:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most frequently used DNA database system in the world is called CODIS. It is maintained by the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The main similarity between Bertillon's anthropometry and modern biometrics is that both:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does reliability differ from validity? Use examples to illustrate both.

Correct Answerverified•Reliability refers to consistency of me...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two fingerprint examiners have independently concluded that the suspect can be excluded as the source of the print. This scenario illustrates the _____ of fingerprint analysis as a measure.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In forensic identification, it is crucial to know whether a specific technique, for example, hair analysis, can actually measure if one hair matches another one. If the technique doesn't do a good job, it means it has:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ebony works as a fingerprint examiner. In a blind test, she is asked to determine if the two fingerprints match. She does not know that it is the same pair of fingerprints she has evaluated a few months before. To compare her previous decision with her current decision would allow us to measure:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a measure or observation consistently produces similar results through repeated measurements, it is known as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When comparing the latent prints with the suspect's fingerprints, a _____ makes a decision on whether there is a _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To reduce error and bias, a blind test can be administered to a forensic examiner, which means that the examiner:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who pioneered the use of fingerprints in establishing identity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Forensic identification is less likely to result in inconclusive findings when a _____ left at the crime scene is _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jurors have great difficulty making sense of _____ statements so they need additional explanations about the meaning of _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A false positive means that a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Biometrics is the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Temporal consistency is sometimes referred to as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How can errors in forensic investigations be reduced?

Correct Answerverified•Strict rules and procedures for handlin...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
•Reliability refers to consistency of me...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

When comparing the latent prints with the suspect's fingerprints, a _ makes a decision on whether there is a _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Forensic identification is less likely to result in inconclusive findings when a _ left at the crime scene is _.

Correct Answer
verified

Jurors have great difficulty making sense of _ statements so they need additional explanations about the meaning of _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
•Strict rules and procedures for handlin...
View Answer