Question 1

Single-case experimental designs are sometimes criticised because they tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  always involve a single case.
B)  decrease internal validity.
C)  have lower external validity.
D)  have very poor reliability estimates.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 2

The dependent variable in a research study is the variable that

Accepted Answer

A)  is expected to influence or change the variable being studied.
B)  is the empirical result of the study.
C)  is expected to be changed or influenced in the study.
D)  forms the most important component of the hypothesis.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

At this point, we know much more about the __________ of psychological disorders than the ___________ of psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

A)  genotype; phenotype
B)  phenotype; genotype
C)  behavioural causes; social influences
D)  social influences; behavioural causesE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 4

An association study of the genetic influences of psychopathology compares people with and without a specific disorder in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)  shared environments.
B)  inherited characteristics other than the disorder.
C)  family history.
D)  inherited tendencies to behave in a specific manner.E) None of the above
F) A) and C) B

Question 5

Matilda designed a study in which she had a treatment group and a control group.She then took 100 participants and flipped a coin with each one to determine which group they would be in.This assigning of participants is called

Accepted Answer

A)  randomisation.
B)  generalisation.
C)  experimentation.
D)  uniformity.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C) A

Question 6

A phenotype is defined as an individual's

Accepted Answer

A)  hidden characteristics.
B)  observable characteristics.
C)  genetic influences.
D)  unique genetic makeup.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of treatment outcome research?

Accepted Answer

A)  examining the changes in serotonin levels from taking Prozac
B)  determining whether the active ingredients in a medication actually have any impact on the function of the brain
C)  exploring the parts of cognitive-behavioural therapy homework that are most difficult for patients to perform
D)  examining the impact of Prozac on depressionE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

One of the major problems of using family studies to determine the genetic components of psychological disorders is that family members may have similar disorders due to

Accepted Answer

A)  shared genes.
B)  common diet factors.
C)  physical similarities.
D)  the fact that they live together.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Explain why it is important to make a distinction between statistical and clinical significance when interpreting research findings.

Accepted Answer

Statistical significance refers to the s...

Question 10

The genetic mechanisms that ultimately contribute to the underlying problems causing the symptoms and difficulties experienced by people with psychological disorders are called

Accepted Answer

A)  genotypes.
B)  phenotypes.
C)  endophenotypes.
D)  causal types.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 11

A researcher is studying how anxiety tends to be experienced by people of different ages.The researcher interviews depressed adolescents, young adults, individuals in their 30s and 50s, and those over 70.The individuals in each age group represent a

Accepted Answer

A)  treatment group.
B)  control group.
C)  longitudinal group.
D)  cohort.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Describe the procedures of the cross-sectional and longitudinal research methods.What are the uses and limitations of each of these methods?

Accepted Answer

In cross-sectional designs, researchers take a cross-section of a population across different age groups and compare them on some characteristics.Longitudinal studies involve following the same group of people over time to assess change on the measures of interest.Longitudinal studies allow researchers to assess individual change without cohort effects; however, longitudinal studies take a long time, can require enormous resources (including money) and may suffer from the loss of participants over time.

Question 13

With regard to research design, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT that

Accepted Answer

A)  independent variables are hypothesised to have an impact on dependent variables.
B)  independent variables are generally manipulated by the researcher.
C)  dependent variables are hypothesised to have an impact on independent variables.
D)  dependent variables are generally measured by the researcher.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Single-case experimental designs utilise several strategies, such as ____________, to improve their internal validity.

Accepted Answer

A)  repeated measurement
B)  process measures
C)  random assignment
D)  placebo controlsE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 15

Provide definitions for the terms hypothesis, independent variables, dependent variables and confound.Discuss how you could use a control group and randomisation to ensure that the results of an experiment are accurate.

Accepted Answer

Hypothesis - a statement summarising you...

Question 16

The reason that researchers cannot allow participants to decide whether to be in the control or treatment group is that this procedure may result in differences between the treatment and control group participants that

Accepted Answer

A)  have nothing to do with the independent variable.
B)  are a direct result of the independent variable.
C)  have nothing to do with the dependent variable.
D)  are a direct result of the dependent variable.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

When studying family functioning, it has been observed that marital discord often increases as child behaviour problems increase in the family.Using the correlational model,

Accepted Answer

A)  it is possible to determine that marital problems generally cause child behaviour problems.
B)  it is not possible to determine whether marital discord causes child behaviour problems, whether child behaviour problems cause marital discord, or whether both may be true.
C)  it is possible to determine whether marital problems cause child behaviour problems or whether child behaviour problems cause marital problems, but it is not possible to determine whether both may be true.
D)  it is possible to determine whether any or all observed effects may be causing changes on any of the variables being studied.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Epidemiologists study _____________ of a particular problem in one or more populations.

Accepted Answer

A)  the distribution
B)  the incidence
C)  the consequences
D)  all of the aboveE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Describe each of the four components of informed consent for research participants.Explain why it may be difficult to satisfy informed consent when research participants are mentally retarded adults

Accepted Answer

Competence - the participant is capable ...

Question 20

At this point, the human genome project has

Accepted Answer

A)  been successful in producing a complete listing of each human gene and its function.
B)  had little if any success in mapping the structure and location of human genes.
C)  produced a rough draft of the mapping of all human genes.
D)  had some success in mapping the structure of human genes, but little success in mapping gene locations.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 4: Research Methods

Single-case experimental designs are sometimes criticised because they tend to

Correct Answer
verified

The dependent variable in a research study is the variable that

Correct Answer
verified

At this point, we know much more about the of psychological disorders than the _ of psychological disorders.

Correct Answer
verified

An association study of the genetic influences of psychopathology compares people with and without a specific disorder in terms of

Correct Answer
verified
B

Matilda designed a study in which she had a treatment group and a control group.She then took 100 participants and flipped a coin with each one to determine which group they would be in.This assigning of participants is called

Correct Answer
verified
A

A phenotype is defined as an individual's

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an example of treatment outcome research?

Correct Answer
verified

One of the major problems of using family studies to determine the genetic components of psychological disorders is that family members may have similar disorders due to

Correct Answer
verified

Explain why it is important to make a distinction between statistical and clinical significance when interpreting research findings.

Correct Answer
verified
Statistical significance refers to the s...
View Answer

The genetic mechanisms that ultimately contribute to the underlying problems causing the symptoms and difficulties experienced by people with psychological disorders are called

Correct Answer
verified

A researcher is studying how anxiety tends to be experienced by people of different ages.The researcher interviews depressed adolescents, young adults, individuals in their 30s and 50s, and those over 70.The individuals in each age group represent a

Correct Answer
verified

Describe the procedures of the cross-sectional and longitudinal research methods.What are the uses and limitations of each of these methods?

With regard to research design, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT that

Correct Answer
verified

Single-case experimental designs utilise several strategies, such as ____________, to improve their internal validity.

Correct Answer
verified

Provide definitions for the terms hypothesis, independent variables, dependent variables and confound.Discuss how you could use a control group and randomisation to ensure that the results of an experiment are accurate.

Correct Answer
verified
Hypothesis - a statement summarising you...
View Answer

The reason that researchers cannot allow participants to decide whether to be in the control or treatment group is that this procedure may result in differences between the treatment and control group participants that

Correct Answer
verified

When studying family functioning, it has been observed that marital discord often increases as child behaviour problems increase in the family.Using the correlational model,

Correct Answer
verified

Epidemiologists study _____________ of a particular problem in one or more populations.

Correct Answer
verified

Describe each of the four components of informed consent for research participants.Explain why it may be difficult to satisfy informed consent when research participants are mentally retarded adults

Correct Answer
verified
Competence - the participant is capable ...
View Answer

At this point, the human genome project has

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: Research Methods

Single-case experimental designs are sometimes criticised because they tend to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The dependent variable in a research study is the variable that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At this point, we know much more about the __________ of psychological disorders than the ___________ of psychological disorders.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An association study of the genetic influences of psychopathology compares people with and without a specific disorder in terms of

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Matilda designed a study in which she had a treatment group and a control group.She then took 100 participants and flipped a coin with each one to determine which group they would be in.This assigning of participants is called

Correct AnswerverifiedA

A phenotype is defined as an individual's

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of treatment outcome research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the major problems of using family studies to determine the genetic components of psychological disorders is that family members may have similar disorders due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain why it is important to make a distinction between statistical and clinical significance when interpreting research findings.

Correct AnswerverifiedStatistical significance refers to the s...View AnswerShow Answer

The genetic mechanisms that ultimately contribute to the underlying problems causing the symptoms and difficulties experienced by people with psychological disorders are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher is studying how anxiety tends to be experienced by people of different ages.The researcher interviews depressed adolescents, young adults, individuals in their 30s and 50s, and those over 70.The individuals in each age group represent a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the procedures of the cross-sectional and longitudinal research methods.What are the uses and limitations of each of these methods?

With regard to research design, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Single-case experimental designs utilise several strategies, such as ____________, to improve their internal validity.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Provide definitions for the terms hypothesis, independent variables, dependent variables and confound.Discuss how you could use a control group and randomisation to ensure that the results of an experiment are accurate.

Correct AnswerverifiedHypothesis - a statement summarising you...View AnswerShow Answer

The reason that researchers cannot allow participants to decide whether to be in the control or treatment group is that this procedure may result in differences between the treatment and control group participants that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When studying family functioning, it has been observed that marital discord often increases as child behaviour problems increase in the family.Using the correlational model,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Epidemiologists study _____________ of a particular problem in one or more populations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe each of the four components of informed consent for research participants.Explain why it may be difficult to satisfy informed consent when research participants are mentally retarded adults

Correct AnswerverifiedCompetence - the participant is capable ...View AnswerShow Answer

At this point, the human genome project has

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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At this point, we know much more about the of psychological disorders than the _ of psychological disorders.

Correct Answer
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B

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A

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Statistical significance refers to the s...
View Answer

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Hypothesis - a statement summarising you...
View Answer

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Competence - the participant is capable ...
View Answer

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