Question 1

One of the problems of using a withdrawal design as part of a single-case experiment is the

Accepted Answer

A)  difficulty of measuring changes that are associated with removal of a treatment.
B)  confounding factor of the placebo effect when the treatment is removed.
C)  ethical issue of removing treatment that appears to be helping the patient.
D)  impossibility of removing the treatment equally for the treatment and control subjects.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

The purpose of a control group in experimental research is to

Accepted Answer

A)  control for the expectation of some research subjects that they will improve just because they are in a research study.
B)  determine whether a treatment or independent variable actually influenced change in the independent variable.
C)  determine statistical significance.
D)  control the dependent variable.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 3

Positive development strategies involve efforts to blanket

Accepted Answer

A)  an entire family, including all blood relatives to prevent later problems.
B)  a large group of unrelated participants who are at risk of a disorder to prevent later problems.
C)  a large group of people to fix existing problems.
D)  entire populations of people to prevent later problems.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 4

External validity refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  degree that the dependent variable was changed in the study.
B)  power of the independent variable to cause a change in the dependent variable.
C)  extent to which findings apply to individuals or situations other than those studied.
D)  overall quality of the study.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

The purpose of randomisation is to make sure that

Accepted Answer

A)  each research participant spends an equal amount of time in the treatment and control groups.
B)  each research participant has an equal chance of being in the treatment or control group.
C)  everyone in each group is exactly the same on the independent variable.
D)  everyone in each group is exactly the same on the dependent variable.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following are potential problems when conducting cross-cultural research in the area of psychopathology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Different cultures may describe or experience similar psychological sensations in very different ways.
B)  The level of 'abnormality' that is considered acceptable may differ greatly across cultures.
C)  Treatment models developed in one culture may be unacceptable according to another culture's customs and values.
D)  All of theseE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 7

Your psychology professor is conducting research and desperately needs more participants because the existing subjects keep running from the building screaming! She tells the class that everyone must be a subject to get a grade in the class and that there are no exceptions.In terms of the ethical treatment of research subjects, her policy would

Accepted Answer

A)  violate the informed consent concept of competence.
B)  be acceptable as long as her procedures were presented to the institutional review board.
C)  be acceptable if she carefully explained the experiment to each participant and allowed participants to quit if they were uncomfortable during the procedure.
D)  violate the informed consent concept of voluntarism.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 8

Your friend has trouble making commitments in relationships.You believe that this is because her parents had a bitter divorce when she was young.Your belief that a child who lives through a bitter parental divorce will have trouble making commitments in relationships as an adult would be considered a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothesis.
B)  independent variable.
C)  empirical conclusion.
D)  applied theory.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

One of the most important reasons to conduct cross-cultural research in psychopathology is that

Accepted Answer

A)  we can gain a better appreciation of the virtues of various cultures by examining how psychopathology is viewed by different cultures.
B)  the stigma of psychopathology can be removed by understanding that psychopathology exists in all cultures.
C)  the genetic influences of disorders can be best determined through careful comparison of the different environmental stressors found in various cultures.
D)  we can understand more about psychopathology by understanding how culture impacts the experience of various disorders.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 10

The implication of the fact that genetic linkage studies frequently fail to replicate when subsequent researchers repeat the study in different families is that

Accepted Answer

A)  the human genome is not well mapped.
B)  researchers need to be more careful with their methods.
C)  the environment is a more powerful influence on most forms of complex psychopathology than genetics.
D)  it is doubtful that there are single gene causes for complex disorders.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 11

Internal validity is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  the extent to which the results of a study can be explained by the dependent variable.
B)  the degree to which the hypothesis is supported by the study.
C)  the overall quality of the research.
D)  the extent to which the results in a study can be explained by the independent variable.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Randomisation is used to assign research participants to groups in order to

Accepted Answer

A)  prevent assembling groups that differ in a way that may influence the research outcome.
B)  make sure that all participants in the study are the same with respect to the dependent variable when the study is concluded.
C)  make sure that all participants are the same with respect to the independent variable before the study begins.
D)  prevent any differences in the way the independent variable is manipulated for all research subjects.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

It can be important to use a double-blind procedure in a research study to prevent the

Accepted Answer

A)  independent variable from influencing the dependent variable.
B)  researcher's expectations from biasing the outcome.
C)  participants' expectations from biasing the expectations of the researcher.
D)  both b and cE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

A new research study is published and becomes the 'hot story' in the news.This story concerns you because the researchers report that they are the first scientists to find a higher incidence of depression in individuals who are taking a particular vitamin - the same vitamin that your physician has had you taking for years.While this may be cause for you to investigate further, you probably shouldn't panic because

Accepted Answer

A)  your physician will call you if there is anything to worry about.
B)  research like this is rarely accurate.
C)  without replication, the finding could just be due to coincidence.
D)  unless it was a double-blind experiment, the results are probably in error.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 15

The most influential and successful research generally utilises

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple well-controlled, double-blind experiments.
B)  a combination of well-controlled correlational studies and cross-sectional research.
C)  a program of multiple research designs over a period of time.
D)  multiple cross-sectional and longitudinal designs over a period of time.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

A researcher studying the effect of a dietary supplement on sleep finds that research participants who take the supplement sleep an average of 7 hours and 25 minutes per night, while participants who were given a placebo pill with no active ingredients in it sleep for an average of 7 hours and 20 minutes.These findings are clearly

Accepted Answer

A)  statistically significant.
B)  not clinically significant.
C)  not valid.
D)  clinically significant.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 17

Given what we know about the effects of genes and the environment, which of the following pairs of children would be expected to be most similar in terms of overall personality, psychological disorders and intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monozygotic twins, one raised in a wealthy family living in a modern city and the other raised in poverty in a developing nation
B)  Adopted children from different biological families raised in the same home
C)  Biological siblings raised in the same house
D)  Biological siblings, each adopted immediately after birth, one raised in Chicago and the other raised in New York CityE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 18

A researcher studies the impact of stress on college students' exam scores.Whether the results of this study help us to understand the relationship between job performance and stress level of real-life organisational workers is a question of

Accepted Answer

A)  internal validity.
B)  study confounds.
C)  external validity.
D)  the original research hypothesis.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

The independent variable in a research study is the variable that

Accepted Answer

A)  is expected to be changed or influenced in the study.
B)  is expected to influence or change the dependent variable.
C)  is the empirical result of the study.
D)  forms the most important component of the hypothesis.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Exam 4: Research Methods

Which of the following are potential problems when conducting cross-cultural research in the area of psychopathology?

Correct Answer
verified

Randomisation is used to assign research participants to groups in order to

Correct Answer
verified

A researcher studies the impact of stress on college students' exam scores.Whether the results of this study help us to understand the relationship between job performance and stress level of real-life organisational workers is a question of

Correct Answer
verified

One of the most important reasons to conduct cross-cultural research in psychopathology is that

Correct Answer
verified

External validity refers to the

Correct Answer
verified

One of the problems of using a withdrawal design as part of a single-case experiment is the

Correct Answer
verified

The independent variable in a research study is the variable that

Correct Answer
verified

Given what we know about the effects of genes and the environment, which of the following pairs of children would be expected to be most similar in terms of overall personality, psychological disorders and intelligence?

Correct Answer
verified

The implication of the fact that genetic linkage studies frequently fail to replicate when subsequent researchers repeat the study in different families is that

Correct Answer
verified

Positive development strategies involve efforts to blanket

Correct Answer
verified

The most influential and successful research generally utilises

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

It can be important to use a double-blind procedure in a research study to prevent the

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The purpose of randomisation is to make sure that

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The purpose of a control group in experimental research is to

Correct Answer
verified

Internal validity is defined as

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: Research Methods

Which of the following are potential problems when conducting cross-cultural research in the area of psychopathology?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Randomisation is used to assign research participants to groups in order to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher studies the impact of stress on college students' exam scores.Whether the results of this study help us to understand the relationship between job performance and stress level of real-life organisational workers is a question of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the most important reasons to conduct cross-cultural research in psychopathology is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

External validity refers to the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the problems of using a withdrawal design as part of a single-case experiment is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The independent variable in a research study is the variable that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Given what we know about the effects of genes and the environment, which of the following pairs of children would be expected to be most similar in terms of overall personality, psychological disorders and intelligence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The implication of the fact that genetic linkage studies frequently fail to replicate when subsequent researchers repeat the study in different families is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Positive development strategies involve efforts to blanket

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most influential and successful research generally utilises

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It can be important to use a double-blind procedure in a research study to prevent the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The purpose of randomisation is to make sure that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The purpose of a control group in experimental research is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Internal validity is defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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