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In providing health insurance for its employees, Microsoft is probably satisfying which level of need?


A) Physiological
B) Esteem
C) Self-realisation
D) Safety
E) Social

F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

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Mary Lee received a special cash award for her perfect attendance record over the past two years.By giving this reward, this company is practicing


A) continual, repetitive reinforcement.
B) positive reinforcement.
C) negative reinforcement.
D) extinction.
E) disciplinary reinforcement.

F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

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Things were terrific at CentralPDX Bank on Elm Street until an unfortunate incident occurred.Before the incident, the bank had installed hidden cameras, a fancy alarm system, and bars on entrance and exit doors.Nevertheless, the bank was burglarised last week.Although no employees were hurt, one of the bank's most loyal and respected tellers said, "For the first time in five years, I feel a bit uneasy, fearful on the job." The bank may find that for this employee and others, the ____ need must now be met.


A) Esteem
B) self-actualisation
C) Physiological
D) Social
E) Safety

F) A) and C)
G) All of the above

Correct Answer

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The Red Cross is a not-for-profit organisation that uses volunteer workers the same way a for-profit business uses paid employees.To encourage volunteers to continue to give their time, the Red Cross thanks volunteers with public recognition.This would be an example of


A) scientific management.
B) piece-rate scaling.
C) Theory X.
D) positive reinforcement.
E) an ineffective reward system.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

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In the first set of Hawthorne experiments dealing with lighting, the main conclusion was that


A) the pressure of social acceptance affects production.
B) a sense of involvement affects production.
C) variations in lighting affect production.
D) the piece-rate method affects production.
E) only the amount of pay affects production.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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The concepts of Theory X and Theory Y were advanced by


A) Douglas McGregor.
B) Abraham Maslow.
C) Frederick Herzberg.
D) Frederick W.Taylor.
E) William Ouchi.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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An action directly following a particular behaviour is called a(n)


A) activator.
B) motivator.
C) reinforcement.
D) extinction.
E) expectant.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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A firm emphasising long-term employment, collective decision making, individual responsibility, slow evaluation and promotion, informal control, moderately specialised career paths, and a holistic concern for employees is known as


A) Theory X.
B) Theory Y.
C) type J.
D) type A.
E) type Z

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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To retain its key middle managers and to reduce the effect of a bank closure on its incomes, EastWest Bank has established a two-year severance pay package.Theoretically, the bank is motivating employees to stay with the company through


A) positive reinforcement.
B) continual, repetitive reinforcement.
C) negative reinforcement.
D) extinction.
E) disciplinary reinforcement.

F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Correct Answer

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All of the following are examples of hygiene factors that can cause dissatisfaction except


A) supervision.
B) pay.
C) job security.
D) achievement.
E) both A and D.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Scientific management is the application of scientific principles to the management of work and workers.

A) True
B) False

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After graduating with a marketing degree, Trey Corrin was hired by a well-known public relations firm offering the opportunity to do PR work for large and small companies.According to Theory Y, Trey's supervisor would expect him to


A) ask how early he can leave each day.
B) avoid working too hard.
C) delegate most of his work to others.
D) seek to generate clientele and contacts for present and future public relations assignments.
E) spend most of his time reviewing the company's early retirement package.

F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

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Frederick W.Taylor made his most significant contribution to management practice by his involvement with the Hawthorne studies.

A) True
B) False

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At Chevrolet, teams of workers make their own job assignments, plan their own work, control their material and inventory needs, and select new team members.This is an example of job


A) switching.
B) redesign.
C) enrichment.
D) sharing.
E) rotation.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Lisa loves her work and feels that she is well recognised by her peers and superiors for the work that she does.These motivation factors are ____ for Lisa.


A) Satisfiers
B) Encouragers
C) Rewards
D) Bonuses
E) social fulfillment

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Reinforcement theory is based on the premise that behaviour that is rewarded is likely to be repeated.

A) True
B) False

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According to Theory Y by McGregor, managers think people


A) are concerned mainly with security.
B) must be led because they have little ambition.
C) dislike work and try to avoid it.
D) must be coerced, controlled, and threatened.
E) have the ability to help accomplish an organisation's goals.

F) B) and D)
G) All of the above

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The most difficult need to satisfy is


A) safety.
B) self-actualisation.
C) esteem.
D) social.
E) physiological.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

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The weakness in Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's theory is that, although each one explains how motivation is caused and sustained, neither specifies what motivates individuals.

A) True
B) False

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Job security, health insurance, and safe working conditions are all characteristics of which needs level?


A) Self-actualisation
B) Esteem
C) Safety
D) Physiological
E) Social

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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