Question 1

Which of the following would correctly be identified as due to learning?

Accepted Answer

A)   A weight lifter can raise less and less weight as her sets go on.
B)   After a growth spurt, a child can now climb on the couch.
C)   In the spring, male birds are attracted to females, but not in the fall when the females are not receptive.
D)   None of theseE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Nativist and empiricist philosophies differ in beliefs of

Accepted Answer

A)   the contents, but not the mechanisms, of the human mind.
B)   the contents and mechanisms of the human mind only at birth.
C)   the contents and mechanisms of the human mind.
D)   the mechanisms, but not the contents, of the human mind.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 3

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Accepted Answer

A)   was the first to empirically test the rules of association.
B)   demonstrated that separate nerves carry sensory and motor information.
C)   set forth the secondary rules of association.
D)   showed that irritation of a nerve was sufficient to produce a muscle contraction.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Which of the following is not true of the work of Charles Darwin?

Accepted Answer

A)   He argued for a continuity from animals to humans.
B)   He attempted to characterize the evolution of psychological traits.
C)   He provided compelling evidence for various forms of animal intelligence.
D)   He suggested nonhuman animals had the capacity for curiosity, attention, and aesthetic sensibility.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

Why is learning defined in terms of the mechanisms of behavior rather than by a behavior change itself?

Accepted Answer

A)   Behavior changes are short-lived; changes in the mechanisms are enduring.
B)   Behavior is due to many factors besides learning.
C)   Behavior does not change due to interaction with environmental stimuli.
D)   Behavior cannot be quantified; mechanisms can be.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

What has contributed to the evidence for the generality of learning phenomena?

Accepted Answer

A)   studies of many different phenomena in humans
B)   studies of many different phenomena in rats
C)   studies of similar forms of learning across species
D)   studies of similar forms of learning in humansE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

The research of Ivan Pavlov and Hermann Ebbinghaus is similar because both researchers

Accepted Answer

A)   were using empirical methods to investigate reflexes.
B)   were using empirical methods to study laws of associations.
C)   extended Descartes' concept of dualism.
D)   were concerned with the study of the mind, not with physiological mechanisms.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

Describe how the definition of learning dictates what type of science the study of learning must be.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how the definition of learning dictates...

Question 9

According to Thomas Hobbes,

Accepted Answer

A)   reflexes were predictable; the mind was not.
B)   the mind was predictable; responses to environmental cues were not.
C)   neither the operations of the mind nor reflexes were predictable.
D)   both reflexes and the operations of the mind were predictable.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Compare the research of Ivan Pavlov and Hermann Ebbinghaus.What do the two lines of investigation have in common?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the research of Ivan Pavlov and...

Question 11

George Romanes defined animal intelligence as

Accepted Answer

A)   learning to make new adjustments or to modify old ones, in accordance with the results of an animal's own individual experience.
B)   the ability to solve ever more difficult problems in the environment or laboratory.
C)   interacting in a meaningful way with members of the same species.
D)   interacting in a meaningful way with members of other species.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

What three primary sources provided the impetus for research of animal learning? Briefly describe how each line of interest influences contemporary research in learning processes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What three primary sources provided the impetus...

Question 13

John Locke believed that

Accepted Answer

A)   the human mind was unpredictable and governed by free will.
B)   the ideas humans had were acquired directly or indirectly after birth.
C)   nativism best described human cognition.
D)   rules of association did not explain human behavior.E) All of the above
F) B) and C) B

Question 14

Behavior changes due to learning

Accepted Answer

A)   can be short lived but must be due to interaction with the environment.
B)   must be enduring and due to interaction with the environment.
C)   must be enduring but must not depend on interaction with the environment.
D)   must be enduring and due to changes of stimulus conditions.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 15

Which of the following is not a primary rule of association?

Accepted Answer

A)   contingency
B)   contiguity
C)   similarity
D)   contrastE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

What comparison must be made to determine the cause of behavior change in learning experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)   a comparison between data from observational and experimental studies
B)   a comparison between behavior before and behavior after learning takes place
C)   a comparison between behavior of subjects who have received a training experience and the behavior of others who have not
D)   a comparison between human and animal behaviors under similar circumstancesE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

The general-process approach to learning assumes that

Accepted Answer

A)   all animals respond to training in a similar manner.
B)   learning phenomena are products of elemental processes that are consistent across situations.
C)   learning phenomena are products of elemental processes that change across situations.
D)   differing species will learn about similar stimuli and responses similarly.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D) B

Question 18

The finding that gas infusions are not the cause of muscle contractions is best attributed to which of the following researchers?

Accepted Answer

A)   René Descartes
B)   Charles Bell
C)   Francois Magendie
D)   Francis GlissonE) All of the above
F) A) and B) D

Question 19

What is the general-process approach? What evidence supports adopting such an approach in the study of learning phenomena? Why should caution be used in interpreting this evidence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the general-process approach? What evidence...

Question 20

How might learning studies be conducted to address each of Aristotle's four causes: efficient,material,formal,and final?

Accepted Answer

Learning studies can be conducted to add...

Exam 1: Introduction

Which of the following would correctly be identified as due to learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nativist and empiricist philosophies differ in beliefs of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not true of the work of Charles Darwin?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is learning defined in terms of the mechanisms of behavior rather than by a behavior change itself?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What has contributed to the evidence for the generality of learning phenomena?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The research of Ivan Pavlov and Hermann Ebbinghaus is similar because both researchers

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe how the definition of learning dictates what type of science the study of learning must be.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Thomas Hobbes,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare the research of Ivan Pavlov and Hermann Ebbinghaus.What do the two lines of investigation have in common?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

George Romanes defined animal intelligence as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What three primary sources provided the impetus for research of animal learning? Briefly describe how each line of interest influences contemporary research in learning processes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

John Locke believed that

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Behavior changes due to learning

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Which of the following is not a primary rule of association?

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What comparison must be made to determine the cause of behavior change in learning experiments?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The general-process approach to learning assumes that

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The finding that gas infusions are not the cause of muscle contractions is best attributed to which of the following researchers?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

What is the general-process approach? What evidence supports adopting such an approach in the study of learning phenomena? Why should caution be used in interpreting this evidence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How might learning studies be conducted to address each of Aristotle's four causes: efficient,material,formal,and final?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AILearning studies can be conducted to add...View AnswerShow Answer

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B

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B

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D

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Answered by ExamLex AI
Learning studies can be conducted to add...
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