Question 1

How is the nature of an animal's avoidance response determined according to the species-specific defense reaction hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How is the nature of an animal's...

Question 2

The two-process theory predicts that with extensive avoidance training,a subject's performance of the avoidance response should

Accepted Answer

A)   continue to increase due to acquisition.
B)   decrease due to extinction.
C)   fluctuate through cycles of extinction and reacquisition.
D)   None of the aboveE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Suppose you want an organism to learn to make avoidance responses in a free-operant avoidance procedure.To aid in training,you should provide

Accepted Answer

A)   a longer S-S interval and a shorter R-S interval.
B)   a longer R-S interval and a shorter S-S interval.
C)   short S-S and R-S intervals.
D)   long S-S and R-S intervals.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 4

In a discriminated avoidance procedure,the CS is

Accepted Answer

A)   always followed by the aversive US.
B)   never followed by the aversive US.
C)   followed by the aversive US if the subject makes the CR.
D)   not followed by the aversive US if the subject makes the CR.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

According to the two-process theory of avoidance,the _____ becomes conditioned to elicit fear in free-operant avoidance procedures.

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioning context
B)   conditioned response
C)   unconditional stimulus
D)   passage of timeE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Which of the following is not true about avoidance behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   Conditioned fear and avoidance responding are highly correlated.
B)   The results of acquired drive experiments support the two-process theory of avoidance.
C)   During early stages of avoidance training, most of the trials are escape trials.
D)   Generally, one-way shuttle avoidance is easier to learn than two-way.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 7

In a time out procedure,behavior modification is achieved by

Accepted Answer

A)   the careful administration of a mildly aversive stimulus.
B)   reducing contact with appetitive stimuli.
C)   the administration of a relatively strong aversive stimulus.
D)   reducing contact with an annoying stimulus.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 8

The second component of the two-process theory of avoidance is

Accepted Answer

A)   reinforcement of the escape response through termination of fear.
B)   punishment of the escape response through presentation of the aversive stimulus.
C)   reinforcement of the avoidance response through prevention of the aversive stimulus.
D)   reinforcement of the avoidance response through fear reduction.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 9

Twenty dogs are initially presented with numerous CS-tone/US-footshock pairings.These dogs are then placed in a shuttle box,and movement from one side of the shuttle to the other terminates periodic presentations of the CS tone.No shocks are delivered in the shuttle box.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   a conditioned suppression procedure.
B)   an omission training procedure.
C)   an acquired drive procedure.
D)   a learned helplessness procedure.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

The structure that organizes defensive behaviors is

Accepted Answer

A)   the hippocampus.
B)   the pontine nucleus.
C)   the PAG.
D)   the opioid.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

Lesioning of the hippocampus during fear conditioning has

Accepted Answer

A)   its greatest effect late in conditioning.
B)   its greatest effect early in conditioning.
C)   no effect unless NMDA receptor blockers are also used.
D)   no effect.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Compare and contrast discriminated and free-operant avoidance procedures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast discriminated and free-operant avoidance...

Question 13

Which theory assumes that the selection among possible defensive avoidance responses is greatly influenced by different levels of perceived danger?

Accepted Answer

A)   SSDR theory
B)   the safety-signal hypothesis
C)   the predatory imminence hypothesis
D)   the shock-frequency reduction theoryE) None of the above
F) B) and C) C

Question 14

Which theory can best account for the finding that certain responses are more easily conditioned in avoidance training procedures?

Accepted Answer

A)   the two-process theory of avoidance
B)   the safety-signal hypothesis
C)   SSDR theory
D)   shock-frequency reduction theoryE) A) and D)
F) B) and D) C

Question 15

Which theory views the avoidance of shock as critical to the reinforcement of avoidance behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   the safety-signal hypothesis
B)   SSDR theory
C)   the two-process theory of avoidance
D)   shock-frequency reduction theoryE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

Criminal Bob just spent 5 months in jail for robbing a store.Criminal Sally spent 1 week in jail for the same crime.The next time they were caught,each was sentenced to 3 months in jail.This second sentence is most likely to suppress the later criminal behavior of

Accepted Answer

A)   Sally more than Bob.
B)   Bob more than Sally.
C)   both Sally and Bob equally to a high degree.
D)   both Sally and Bob equally poorly.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

A guinea pig can prevent mild footshock by turning a running wheel during a brief tone CS.Early in training,the guinea pig receives several shocks because it fails to spin the wheel in time.However,over several trials the guinea pig successfully learns to prevent the shock.These later successful trials are most correctly referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   escape trials.
B)   avoidance trials.
C)   omission trials.
D)   acquired drive trials.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

One group (Classical Conditioning)  of guinea pigs was placed in a running wheel,a tone CS was presented,and 2 seconds later a brief shock was administered.Another group (Avoidance)  also was placed in a running wheel,a tone CS was presented,and a brief shock was administered only if the subjects did not move the wheel during the CS presentation.After several trials,what do you suspect was the response to the CS?

Accepted Answer

A)   The classical conditioning group ran more than the avoidance group.
B)   The avoidance group ran more than the classical conditioning group.
C)   The two groups ran approximately the same amount.
D)   Neither group ran much in response to the CS.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 19

The problem with using punishment outside the laboratory to modify behavior is that

Accepted Answer

A)   punishment is usually introduced at low intensities.
B)   the chances of "getting caught" are usually low.
C)   often a discriminated punishment procedure is used.
D)   All of the answers are correct.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 20

What are species specific defense reactions and why is it important to consider them in avoidance and punishment situations?

Accepted Answer

Answer not provided

Exam 10: Aversive Control: Avoidance and Punishment

How is the nature of an animal's avoidance response determined according to the species-specific defense reaction hypothesis?

Correct Answer
verified

The two-process theory predicts that with extensive avoidance training,a subject's performance of the avoidance response should

Correct Answer
verified

Suppose you want an organism to learn to make avoidance responses in a free-operant avoidance procedure.To aid in training,you should provide

Correct Answer
verified

In a discriminated avoidance procedure,the CS is

Correct Answer
verified

According to the two-process theory of avoidance,the _____ becomes conditioned to elicit fear in free-operant avoidance procedures.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not true about avoidance behavior?

Correct Answer
verified

In a time out procedure,behavior modification is achieved by

Correct Answer
verified

The second component of the two-process theory of avoidance is

Correct Answer
verified

Twenty dogs are initially presented with numerous CS-tone/US-footshock pairings.These dogs are then placed in a shuttle box,and movement from one side of the shuttle to the other terminates periodic presentations of the CS tone.No shocks are delivered in the shuttle box.This is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

The structure that organizes defensive behaviors is

Correct Answer
verified

Lesioning of the hippocampus during fear conditioning has

Correct Answer
verified

Compare and contrast discriminated and free-operant avoidance procedures.

Correct Answer
verified

Which theory assumes that the selection among possible defensive avoidance responses is greatly influenced by different levels of perceived danger?

Correct Answer
verified
C

Which theory can best account for the finding that certain responses are more easily conditioned in avoidance training procedures?

Correct Answer
verified
C

Which theory views the avoidance of shock as critical to the reinforcement of avoidance behavior?

Correct Answer
verified

Criminal Bob just spent 5 months in jail for robbing a store.Criminal Sally spent 1 week in jail for the same crime.The next time they were caught,each was sentenced to 3 months in jail.This second sentence is most likely to suppress the later criminal behavior of

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The problem with using punishment outside the laboratory to modify behavior is that

Correct Answer
verified

What are species specific defense reactions and why is it important to consider them in avoidance and punishment situations?

Correct Answer
verified
Answer not provided

Exam 10: Aversive Control: Avoidance and Punishment

How is the nature of an animal's avoidance response determined according to the species-specific defense reaction hypothesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The two-process theory predicts that with extensive avoidance training,a subject's performance of the avoidance response should

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose you want an organism to learn to make avoidance responses in a free-operant avoidance procedure.To aid in training,you should provide

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a discriminated avoidance procedure,the CS is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the two-process theory of avoidance,the _____ becomes conditioned to elicit fear in free-operant avoidance procedures.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not true about avoidance behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a time out procedure,behavior modification is achieved by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The second component of the two-process theory of avoidance is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Twenty dogs are initially presented with numerous CS-tone/US-footshock pairings.These dogs are then placed in a shuttle box,and movement from one side of the shuttle to the other terminates periodic presentations of the CS tone.No shocks are delivered in the shuttle box.This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The structure that organizes defensive behaviors is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lesioning of the hippocampus during fear conditioning has

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare and contrast discriminated and free-operant avoidance procedures.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which theory assumes that the selection among possible defensive avoidance responses is greatly influenced by different levels of perceived danger?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Which theory can best account for the finding that certain responses are more easily conditioned in avoidance training procedures?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Which theory views the avoidance of shock as critical to the reinforcement of avoidance behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Criminal Bob just spent 5 months in jail for robbing a store.Criminal Sally spent 1 week in jail for the same crime.The next time they were caught,each was sentenced to 3 months in jail.This second sentence is most likely to suppress the later criminal behavior of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The problem with using punishment outside the laboratory to modify behavior is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are species specific defense reactions and why is it important to consider them in avoidance and punishment situations?

Correct AnswerverifiedAnswer not provided

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C

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C

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Answer not provided