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Describe how the behavior of food storing birds can be used to provide evidence of episodic memory.

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Which of the following is most closely analogous to human episodic memory?


A) the contents of value transfer in pigeons
B) the contents of memory for hidden food items in scrub jays
C) the contents of paired associate learning in chimpanzees
D) the contents of the internal clock in pigeons

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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If Kanzi wanted Phil to carry him,the sentence he would be most likely to communicate would be


A) CARRY, and then a point to Phil.
B) a point to Phil, and then CARRY.
C) CARRY only.
D) with a point to Phil only.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Describe food caching behavior and what factors experimenters have to rule out before concluding that the behavior is mediated by working memory.

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A cat is trained to fetch a piece of balled paper.The cat has learned that the sound of the paper being crumpled means that the game is on.The game being on tells the cat that the paper is about to fly.Seeing the flying paper means that it is time for the hunt.Grabbing the paper lets the cat know that a treat is waiting.This cat must have learned


A) paired associates.
B) a serial pattern.
C) stimulus-response associations.
D) serial representations.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Little Bobby points at a cow and says,"Doggie." When you ask him why he thinks the cow is a dog,he says that whenever he points to an animal with four legs and says,"Doggie," his mother laughs and pays attention to him.Bobby's response supports


A) exemplar theory.
B) similarity theory.
C) feature theory.
D) prototype theory.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Perceptual concepts involve


A) generalization within a category.
B) discrimination within a category.
C) generalization between categories.
D) All of the above

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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A pigeon is used in a modified matching-to-sample experiment.If the bird is presented with a 3 second long sample,it must peck a red key.If the sample is 10 seconds long,the pigeon must peck a green key.This type of experiment is called a


A) duration estimation task.
B) time conditioning task.
C) interval training task.
D) time shaping task.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Describe two techniques for measuring an animal's ability for timing behavior.

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Explain why tests with subsets of items from a simultaneous array are useful in assessing the mechanisms of serial pattern learning.

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Describe the peak procedure and how results obtained with the peak procedure may be explained by scalar expectancy theory.

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In an ordered behavior task,a response to stimulus A results in the presentation of stimulus B.Responding to B results in C,and so forth.In order to correctly perform this task,a subject must learn


A) paired associations.
B) serial patterns.
C) stimulus-response associations.
D) serial representations.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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What are the components of language competence? What evidence of these components is found in nonhuman animals?

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The speed of the internal clock can be altered by all of the following except


A) the stimulus modality.
B) diet.
C) the rate of food reinforcement.
D) body temperature.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Results from duration estimation tasks suggest that


A) rats can base their behavior on duration estimation, but pigeons cannot.
B) pigeons can base their behavior on duration estimation, but rats cannot.
C) neither pigeons nor rats can base their behavior on duration estimation.
D) both pigeons and rats can base their behavior on duration estimation.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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