Question 1

Compare general and focal search responses in the sexual behavior system.How does the behavior systems theory account for the different conditional responses that develop as a result of different ISIs in sexual conditioning experiments?

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Question 2

Your friend is afraid of dogs because he was bitten as a child.One day while he was playing catch in a park, a large pack of dogs wandered into his view.Now he avoids parks.His change in behavior is likely due to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  habituated associations
B)  CS intensity
C)  higher-order conditioning
D)  US intensityE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Increasing CS or US intensity has which of the following effects?

Accepted Answer

A)  speeds associative learning and makes the final level of conditioned responding greater
B)  speeds associative learning, but has little effect on the final level of conditioned responding
C)  makes the final level of conditioned responding greater, but has little effect on the speed of associative learning
D)  has little effect on the speed of associative learning or the final level of conditioned respondingE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 4

Describe the basic idea of the Rescorla-Wagner model.What aspect of the model allows it to explain the blocking effect and make some unusual predictions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the basic idea of the Rescorla-Wagner...

Question 5

The stimulus substitution model correctly emphasizes

Accepted Answer

A)  that the nature of the UR depends on the CS used.
B)  that the nature of the CS depends on the US used.
C)  that the nature of the US depends on the CS used.
D)  that the nature of the CR depends on the US used.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

What evidence suggests that drug tolerance may be in part due to classical conditioning mechanisms? Does this evidence challenge stimulus substitution models?

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Question 7

Higher order conditioning

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases the possible number of Pavlovian learning situations.
B)  increases the possible number of Pavlovian learning situations.
C)  decreases the possible number of CSs.
D)  decreases the possible number of USs.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 8

A researcher mistakenly makes the CS in his experiment slightly resemble a female quail in a study of sexual conditioning in male quail subjects.Due to this mistake, he is likely to find which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conditioning proceeds more slowly because of CS pre-exposure effects.
B)  Conditioning proceeds more rapidly because of increased salience.
C)  Conditioning proceeds more slowly because of a lack of difference in biological strength between the CS and US.
D)  There would be little effect because the US usually controls the rate of learning.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Higher-order conditioning demonstrates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  After training, a CS can function as a US.
B)  After training, a US can function as a CS.
C)  CSs cannot function as USs.
D)  USs cannot function as CSs.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Which of the following correctly states the role of time in conditioning procedures?

Accepted Answer

A)  The duration of the CS-US interval does not determine conditioned responding.
B)  The duration of only the intertrial interval determines conditioned responding.
C)  The relative durations of the intertrial interval and the CS-US interval determine conditioned responding.
D)  The best conditioning occurs when trials quickly follow one another.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Describe three different types of attention that are relevant to learned behavior.

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

According to the stimulus-substitution model, with training which of the following happens?

Accepted Answer

A)  The CS comes to activate the UR directly.
B)  The CR comes to activate the UR directly.
C)  The CS activates the UR via excitation of US centers.
D)  The CR activates the US via excitation of the UR centers.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

A red light that signals footshock causes rats to freeze if the interstimulus interval is 10 seconds, but causes the rats to jump in a fighting posture if very short interstimulus intervals are used.This conditioned behavior is best predicted by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the behavioral systems model
B)  the stimulus substitution model
C)  belongingness
D)  the compensatory response modelE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Describe an experimental design that allows investigators to distinguish between S-R and S-S learning.

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Short CS-US intervals elicit behavior.Longer CS-US intervals elicit behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  focal search; consummatory
B)  general search; consummatory
C)  focal search; general search
D)  general search; focal searchE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 16

From the choices below, the best evidence that the CS-US interval is a determining factor of the CR is

Accepted Answer

A)  that taste aversion conditioning occurs only with short CS-US intervals.
B)  that in quail, short and long presentations of the CS elicit similar responding in a sexual conditioning study.
C)  if a car is only 1-2 s away you will jump, if it is 20 s away you will move away, but not jump.
D)  These findings are not consistent with the CS-US interval determining the CR.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Using the Rescorla-Wagner model, explain the development of conditioned inhibition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using the Rescorla-Wagner model, explain the development...

Question 18

How do current approaches to stimulus substitution differ from Pavlov's approach?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do current approaches to stimulus substitution...

Question 19

The blocking effect demonstrates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  that temporal contiguity is sufficient for associative learning
B)  that CS-US pairings are sufficient for associative learning
C)  that contiguity and CS-US pairings, when they occur together, are sufficient for associative learning
D)  that CS-US pairings are insufficient for associative learningE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Describe several examples of how Pavlovian conditioning can modify how one responds to the unconditioned stimulus.What is the adaptive significance of this type of learning?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe several examples of how Pavlovian conditioning...

Exam 4: Classical Conditioning

A red light that signals footshock causes rats to freeze if the interstimulus interval is 10 seconds, but causes the rats to jump in a fighting posture if very short interstimulus intervals are used.This conditioned behavior is best predicted by which of the following?

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Short CS-US intervals elicit behavior.Longer CS-US intervals elicit behavior.

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Compare general and focal search responses in the sexual behavior system.How does the behavior systems theory account for the different conditional responses that develop as a result of different ISIs in sexual conditioning experiments?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the stimulus-substitution model, with training which of the following happens?

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Describe an experimental design that allows investigators to distinguish between S-R and S-S learning.

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How do current approaches to stimulus substitution differ from Pavlov's approach?

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Describe several examples of how Pavlovian conditioning can modify how one responds to the unconditioned stimulus.What is the adaptive significance of this type of learning?

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Describe the basic idea of the Rescorla-Wagner model.What aspect of the model allows it to explain the blocking effect and make some unusual predictions?

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Higher order conditioning

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Increasing CS or US intensity has which of the following effects?

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Higher-order conditioning demonstrates which of the following?

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From the choices below, the best evidence that the CS-US interval is a determining factor of the CR is

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What evidence suggests that drug tolerance may be in part due to classical conditioning mechanisms? Does this evidence challenge stimulus substitution models?

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The blocking effect demonstrates which of the following?

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Describe three different types of attention that are relevant to learned behavior.

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Which of the following correctly states the role of time in conditioning procedures?

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The stimulus substitution model correctly emphasizes

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Your friend is afraid of dogs because he was bitten as a child.One day while he was playing catch in a park, a large pack of dogs wandered into his view.Now he avoids parks.His change in behavior is likely due to which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher mistakenly makes the CS in his experiment slightly resemble a female quail in a study of sexual conditioning in male quail subjects.Due to this mistake, he is likely to find which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Using the Rescorla-Wagner model, explain the development of conditioned inhibition.

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