Question 1

The unrestricted baseline or behavioral bliss point is best defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  a time when all physiological drives are at a minimum.
B)  a distribution of responses, among available alternatives, in the absence of restrictions.
C)  a distribution of sensations that generate behaviors indicative of a pleasure response.
D)  a behavior that is the most likely to occur.E) All of the above
F) C) and D) B

Question 2

Artificially sweetened solutions made a substantial contribution to theories of reinforcement because

Accepted Answer

A)  they have a bitter aftertaste and provide bidirectional reward.
B)  they cannot reduce a biological need but still are rewarding.
C)  they are a supernormal stimulus.
D)  all of the aboveE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Which of the following is not a contribution of the response allocation approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  It moved us away from thinking about reinforcers as a special class of stimuli.
B)  It highlighted that instrumental behavior cannot be considered in a vacuum.
C)  It suggests that behavioral economics is useful in understanding the tradeoffs in an instrumental contingency.
D)  Instrumental conditioning began to be viewed as a strengthening of the instrumental response.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 4

According to the two-process theory, classically conditioned emotional states are assumed to

Accepted Answer

A)  elicit specific conditioned responses.
B)  elicit specific instrumental responses.
C)  motivate instrumental behavior.
D)  arise from the rg-sg mechanism.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 5

According to the response deprivation hypothesis, an organism will work to gain access to a reinforcer response if

Accepted Answer

A)  access to that reinforcer response has been restricted.
B)  the baseline probability of making that response is greater than that of making the instrumental response.
C)  the baseline probability of making that response is less than that of the making the instrumental response.
D)  making that response reduces a deprived physiological drive state.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

The elasticity of demand for candy is likely to be the elasticity of demand for gasoline.

Accepted Answer

A)  the same as
B)  less than
C)  greater than
D)  This cannot be determined.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

When response allocation cannot return an organism to its bliss point, the response allocation between instrumental and contingent behaviors becomes a matter of compromise.Which theory suggests that the new distribution of behaviors is the least different from bliss point?

Accepted Answer

A)  drive reduction theory
B)  minimum deviation model of behavioral regulation
C)  the Premack principle
D)  optimal foraging theoryE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 8

Suppose you want to reduce the occurrence of some undesired social behavior (like illegal drug use).Describe two things you would do that, according to economic concepts of response allocation, would decrease the behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose you want to reduce the occurrence...

Question 9

Which of the following will not have much of an effect on the demand a group of rats has for food pellet reinforcers?

Accepted Answer

A)  the amount of time the rats have to make responses
B)  the number of responses required to earn a reinforcer
C)  the availability of food substitutes
D)  the availability of time on a running wheelE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 10

Which of the following theories suggests it is possible for a low probability response to reinforce a high probability response?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Premack principle
B)  the differential probability theory
C)  drive reduction theory
D)  the response deprivation hypothesisE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Based on the data presented in the textbook, the best description of the action of dopamine is

Accepted Answer

A)  that it codes negative valences for stimuli.
B)  that it codes positive valences for stimuli.
C)  that it codes the reward prediction error.
D)  that it codes the reward.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

According to Berridge and Robinson

Accepted Answer

A)  liking is related to the unconscious motivation to obtain a reward.
B)  liking is related to the hedonic state elicited by a reward.
C)  liking encodes the subject's drive to consume a reward.
D)  liking encodes the subjects's drive to obtain a reward.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Bob was washing dishes to avoid getting fired.Just then he heard the sound of his crazy boss arriving at the restaurant.According to the two-process theory, he will now wash the dishes

Accepted Answer

A)  more rapidly.
B)  less rapidly.
C)  at the same rate.
D)  more rapidly at first and then less rapidly.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D) A

Question 14

What factors influence the elasticity of demand? How do these factors influence our understanding of instrumental conditioning studies with animals?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What factors influence the elasticity of demand?...

Question 15

Describe implications of modern concepts of reinforcement for behavior therapy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe implications of modern concepts of reinforcement...

Question 16

According to Hull and Spence, what mediates expectancy of reward?

Accepted Answer

A)  the R-O association
B)  the S-O association
C)  the O-R association
D)  the S-R associationE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 17

A CS that had previously been paired with shock termination is presented to a rat pressing a lever for food reinforcement.According the two-process theory, the rate of lever presses is likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase.
B)  decrease.
C)  remain the same.
D)  increase briefly, then decrease.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 18

A male Japanese quail was pecking at a key light for access to a quail hen.During this time, the researcher presented the male with a tone CS that had previously signaled the end of a period of access to food.According to the two-process theory, in response to the CS, the keypeck rate will

Accepted Answer

A)  remain the same.
B)  decrease.
C)  increase.
D)  decrease, then increase.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D) B

Question 19

In order to determine if one response will reinforce another, what would Premack suggest you need to know?

Accepted Answer

A)  the primary drive level of the subject
B)  the incentive drive level of the subject
C)  the species typical response rate
D)  the probabilities of each responseE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

What is the unconstrained baseline/behavioral bliss point? How does an experimenter determine this? How does the baseline/bliss point approach account for reinforcer effects?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the unconstrained baseline/behavioral bliss point?...

Exam 7: Instrumental Conditioning

The unrestricted baseline or behavioral bliss point is best defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Artificially sweetened solutions made a substantial contribution to theories of reinforcement because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a contribution of the response allocation approach?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the two-process theory, classically conditioned emotional states are assumed to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the response deprivation hypothesis, an organism will work to gain access to a reinforcer response if

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The elasticity of demand for candy is likely to be the elasticity of demand for gasoline.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When response allocation cannot return an organism to its bliss point, the response allocation between instrumental and contingent behaviors becomes a matter of compromise.Which theory suggests that the new distribution of behaviors is the least different from bliss point?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose you want to reduce the occurrence of some undesired social behavior (like illegal drug use).Describe two things you would do that, according to economic concepts of response allocation, would decrease the behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following will not have much of an effect on the demand a group of rats has for food pellet reinforcers?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following theories suggests it is possible for a low probability response to reinforce a high probability response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the data presented in the textbook, the best description of the action of dopamine is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Berridge and Robinson

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bob was washing dishes to avoid getting fired.Just then he heard the sound of his crazy boss arriving at the restaurant.According to the two-process theory, he will now wash the dishes

Correct AnswerverifiedA

What factors influence the elasticity of demand? How do these factors influence our understanding of instrumental conditioning studies with animals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe implications of modern concepts of reinforcement for behavior therapy.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Hull and Spence, what mediates expectancy of reward?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A CS that had previously been paired with shock termination is presented to a rat pressing a lever for food reinforcement.According the two-process theory, the rate of lever presses is likely to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A male Japanese quail was pecking at a key light for access to a quail hen.During this time, the researcher presented the male with a tone CS that had previously signaled the end of a period of access to food.According to the two-process theory, in response to the CS, the keypeck rate will

Correct AnswerverifiedB

In order to determine if one response will reinforce another, what would Premack suggest you need to know?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the unconstrained baseline/behavioral bliss point? How does an experimenter determine this? How does the baseline/bliss point approach account for reinforcer effects?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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