Question 1

Which of the following is the focus of the response allocation approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  the relative probabilities of instrumental responses in instrumental conditioning
B)  the relative probabilities of reinforcing responses in instrumental conditioning
C)  the drive states of an organism in instrumental conditioning
D)  the distribution of responses and how they are altered in instrumental conditioningE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

One contribution of the response allocation approach was that it moved us toward considering instrumental conditioning as

Accepted Answer

A)  stamping in instrumental behavior.
B)  creating a new distribution of responses.
C)  strengthening an instrumental response.
D)  a biological mechanism.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

If a situation remains unchanged during an experiment, the unrestricted baseline is assumed to

Accepted Answer

A)  vary with the physiological drive state of the animal.
B)  vary with shifting motivational states of the organism.
C)  be stable across time for an organism.
D)  vary with differing behaviors of the animal.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Most intuitive explanations of instrumental behavior are based on associations.

Accepted Answer

A)  R-O
B)  S-R
C)  S-O
D)  R-SE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 5

If you wanted to increase the "price" in an instrumental procedure, you could

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the size of the reinforcer.
B)  increase the sensory reinforcement of the reward.
C)  increase the number of lever presses required.
D)  increase the deprivation time.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Provide evidence that supports the hypothesis that animals can develop specific reward expectancies during conditioning procedures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide evidence that supports the hypothesis that...

Question 7

According to the response allocation approach, reinforcement effects occur because

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral regulatory mechanisms function to minimize deviations from the optimal distribution of responses.
B)  the drive state changes due to the instrumental contingency.
C)  an animal attempts to earn as many reinforcers as possible, given the time constraints.
D)  the animal seeks to maximize the sensory reinforcement of the contingent behavior.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

A rat spends equal amounts of time running and drinking.In a graph of this behavior, time spent running is represented on the x axis.The y axis represents time spent drinking.When running is restricted by an instrumental constraint, the slope of the line representing the new instrumental contingency

Accepted Answer

A)  is steeper than the slope of the line through the bliss point.
B)  is less steep than the slope of the line through the bliss point.
C)  is the same as the slope of the line through the bliss point.
D)  cannot be determined with the above information.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 9

According to reward-specific expectancies, lever press behavior rewarded with access to food will most increase if a CS is presented that had previously been paired with

Accepted Answer

A)  water
B)  sugar water
C)  food
D)  all of the aboveE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

According to which of the following theories is the instrumental conditioning procedure itself responsible for the creation of a reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Premack principle
B)  drive reduction theory
C)  the response deprivation hypothesis
D)  the differential probability theoryE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 11

Which of the following is not considered a determinant of the elasticity of demand?

Accepted Answer

A)  availability of substitutes
B)  price range
C)  income level
D)  reinforcer quantityE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Newspapers have seen a steep decline in readership due to the availability of 24 h news channels.This demonstrates that the elasticity of demand

Accepted Answer

A)  is dependent on the availability of substitutes.
B)  is invariant for luxury items.
C)  is invariant for necessary items.
D)  is independent of consumer desire.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

The findings from Pavlovian instrumental transfer experiments generally support

Accepted Answer

A)  the Hull-Spence rg-sg mechanism.
B)  reward-specific expectancy theory.
C)  the modern two-process theory.
D)  SOP and AESOP theories.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Which of the following relationships are not included in two process theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  O-O
B)  R-O
C)  S(R-O) 
D)  none of the above are includedE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

According to the minimum deviation model, when an instrumental contingency is imposed that will not allow an animal to achieve its behavioral bliss point,

Accepted Answer

A)  the animal will fulfill the optimal level of responding for biologically driven responses.
B)  the animal will fulfill the optimal level of responding only for the instrumental response.
C)  the animal will compromise and perform more of the instrumental response and less of the contingent response.
D)  the animal will fulfill the optimal level of the contingent response.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

In some cases, imposing an instrumental contingency makes it impossible for an organism to return to the free- baseline behavioral bliss point.In these circumstances,

Accepted Answer

A)  the animal relies on physiological mechanisms of motivation.
B)  the animal relies on sensory reinforcement.
C)  the animal performs whichever response was last reinforced.
D)  the animal is motivated to defend against challenges to its most comfortable distribution of responses.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 17

Fearing failure, Keith was cramming for his upcoming exam under the watchful eye of mean old Professor Jones. According to two-process theory, when Keith notices the evil professor pull out his briefcase in order to leave, Keith will study

Accepted Answer

A)  more intensely at first and the less intensely.
B)  at the same rate.
C)  less intensely.
D)  more intensely.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Compare the Premack principle to the response deprivation hypothesis.What evidence supports the response deprivation hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the Premack principle to the response...

Exam 7: Instrumental Conditioning

In some cases, imposing an instrumental contingency makes it impossible for an organism to return to the free- baseline behavioral bliss point.In these circumstances,

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is the focus of the response allocation approach?

Correct Answer
verified

If a situation remains unchanged during an experiment, the unrestricted baseline is assumed to

Correct Answer
verified

If you wanted to increase the "price" in an instrumental procedure, you could

Correct Answer
verified

A rat spends equal amounts of time running and drinking.In a graph of this behavior, time spent running is represented on the x axis.The y axis represents time spent drinking.When running is restricted by an instrumental constraint, the slope of the line representing the new instrumental contingency

Correct Answer
verified

According to the minimum deviation model, when an instrumental contingency is imposed that will not allow an animal to achieve its behavioral bliss point,

Correct Answer
verified

According to reward-specific expectancies, lever press behavior rewarded with access to food will most increase if a CS is presented that had previously been paired with

Correct Answer
verified

Provide evidence that supports the hypothesis that animals can develop specific reward expectancies during conditioning procedures.

Correct Answer
verified

Fearing failure, Keith was cramming for his upcoming exam under the watchful eye of mean old Professor Jones. According to two-process theory, when Keith notices the evil professor pull out his briefcase in order to leave, Keith will study

Correct Answer
verified

One contribution of the response allocation approach was that it moved us toward considering instrumental conditioning as

Correct Answer
verified

According to which of the following theories is the instrumental conditioning procedure itself responsible for the creation of a reinforcer?

Correct Answer
verified

According to the response allocation approach, reinforcement effects occur because

Correct Answer
verified

The findings from Pavlovian instrumental transfer experiments generally support

Correct Answer
verified

Newspapers have seen a steep decline in readership due to the availability of 24 h news channels.This demonstrates that the elasticity of demand

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following relationships are not included in two process theory?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not considered a determinant of the elasticity of demand?

Correct Answer
verified

Most intuitive explanations of instrumental behavior are based on associations.

Correct Answer
verified

Compare the Premack principle to the response deprivation hypothesis.What evidence supports the response deprivation hypothesis?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 7: Instrumental Conditioning

In some cases, imposing an instrumental contingency makes it impossible for an organism to return to the free- baseline behavioral bliss point.In these circumstances,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the focus of the response allocation approach?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a situation remains unchanged during an experiment, the unrestricted baseline is assumed to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you wanted to increase the "price" in an instrumental procedure, you could

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the minimum deviation model, when an instrumental contingency is imposed that will not allow an animal to achieve its behavioral bliss point,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to reward-specific expectancies, lever press behavior rewarded with access to food will most increase if a CS is presented that had previously been paired with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Provide evidence that supports the hypothesis that animals can develop specific reward expectancies during conditioning procedures.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fearing failure, Keith was cramming for his upcoming exam under the watchful eye of mean old Professor Jones. According to two-process theory, when Keith notices the evil professor pull out his briefcase in order to leave, Keith will study

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One contribution of the response allocation approach was that it moved us toward considering instrumental conditioning as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to which of the following theories is the instrumental conditioning procedure itself responsible for the creation of a reinforcer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the response allocation approach, reinforcement effects occur because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The findings from Pavlovian instrumental transfer experiments generally support

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Newspapers have seen a steep decline in readership due to the availability of 24 h news channels.This demonstrates that the elasticity of demand

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following relationships are not included in two process theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not considered a determinant of the elasticity of demand?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most intuitive explanations of instrumental behavior are based on associations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare the Premack principle to the response deprivation hypothesis.What evidence supports the response deprivation hypothesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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