Question 1

The findings from Pavlovian instrumental transfer experiments generally support

Accepted Answer

A)  the Hull-Spence rg-sg mechanism.
B)  reward-specific expectancy theory.
C)  the modern two-process theory.
D)  SOP and AESOP theories.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

According to the response allocation approach, reinforcement effects occur because

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral regulatory mechanisms function to minimize deviations from the optimal distribution of responses.
B)  the drive state changes due to the instrumental contingency.
C)  an animal attempts to earn as many reinforcers as possible, given the time constraints.
D)  the animal seeks to maximize the sensory reinforcement of the contingent behavior.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

According to the two-process theory, the emotional state generated by an instrumental conditioning procedure is determined by

Accepted Answer

A)  the CS modality.
B)  the type of reinforcer presented.
C)  the type of instrumental response.
D)  the rg mechanism.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

What is the unconstrained baseline\behavioral bliss point? How does an experimenter determine this? How does the baseline\bliss point approach account for reinforcer effects?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the unconstrained baseline\behavioral bliss point?...

Question 5

A child who chewed very little gum was fitted with braces and cannot chew gum at all. Now, the child's friends can reward mischievous behavior in the child by sneaking the child pieces of gum. Which of the following theories best accounts for the ability of gum chewing to reinforce other behaviors in this child?

Accepted Answer

A)  drive reduction theory
B)  the response deprivation hypothesis
C)  the Premack principle
D)  the differential probability theoryE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following is not a contribution of the response allocation approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  It moved us away from thinking about reinforcers as a special class of stimuli.
B)  It highlighted that instrumental behavior cannot be considered in a vacuum.
C)  It suggests that behavioral economics is useful in understanding the tradeoffs in an instrumental contingency.
D)  Instrumental conditioning began to be viewed as a strengthening of the instrumental response.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Compare the Premack principle to the response deprivation hypothesis. What evidence supports the response deprivation hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the Premack principle to the response...

Question 8

According to the response allocation approach, imposing an instrumental contingency

Accepted Answer

A)  establishes a new physiological drive state.
B)  activates dedicated brain regions sensitive to reinforcement.
C)  disrupts the distribution of responses from free baseline.
D)  causes increased attention to sensory reinforcement.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 9

A rat spends equal amounts of time running and drinking. In a graph of this behavior, time spent running is represented on the x axis. The y axis represents time spent drinking. When running is restricted by an instrumental constraint, the slope of the line representing the new instrumental contingency

Accepted Answer

A)  is steeper than the slope of the line through the bliss point.
B)  is less steep than the slope of the line through the bliss point.
C)  is the same as the slope of the line through the bliss point.
D)  cannot be determined with the above information.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Sally was pushing the buttons of a video game to earn gold pieces when she heard the bicycle-bell belonging to her cruel older brother, signaling that he was home. According to the two-process theory, she will push the buttons

Accepted Answer

A)  more rapidly.
B)  less rapidly.
C)  at the same rate.
D)  more rapidly at first and then less rapidly.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Describe implications of modern concepts of reinforcement for behavior therapy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe implications of modern concepts of reinforcement...

Question 12

Briefly describe an experiment that would test the Premack differential probability principle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly describe an experiment that would test...

Question 13

A major contribution of the Premack principle is that

Accepted Answer

A)  it focused attention on the homeostatic mechanisms of behavior.
B)  it encouraged thinking about reinforcers as responses.
C)  it began the discussion of neural mechanisms of reinforcement.
D)  it challenged drive reduction theory by focusing attention on sensory reinforcement.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Describe what is an S-R association and what provides the best evidence for it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe what is an S-R association and...

Question 15

According to the response allocation approach, when a rat is hungry, it pushes a lever to get food in order to

Accepted Answer

A)  reduce a physiological drive state.
B)  stay as close as possible to an unconstrained baseline of behavior.
C)  receive the sensory stimulation of consuming the food.
D)  make the species typical response of consuming food.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

A male Japanese quail was pecking at a key light for access to a quail hen. During this time, the researcher presented the male with a tone CS that had previously signaled the end of a period of access to food. According to the two-process theory, in response to the CS, the keypeck rate will

Accepted Answer

A)  remain the same.
B)  decrease.
C)  increase.
D)  decrease, then increase.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 17

The problem with assuming that R-O relationships act alone to produce instrumental behavior is that

Accepted Answer

A)  it is difficult to demonstrate R-O relationships in the laboratory.
B)  R-O relationships are theoretical constructs.
C)  the R-O relationship does not explain what causes the response in the first place.
D)  R-O relationships ignore rg-sg mechanisms.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Which of the following will not have much of an effect on the demand a group of rats has for food pellet reinforcers?

Accepted Answer

A)  the amount of time the rats have to make responses
B)  the number of responses required to earn a reinforcer
C)  the availability of food substitutes
D)  the availability of time on a running wheelE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Exam 7: Instrumental Conditioning

What is the unconstrained baseline\behavioral bliss point? How does an experimenter determine this? How does the baseline\bliss point approach account for reinforcer effects?

Correct Answer
verified

Describe what is an S-R association and what provides the best evidence for it.

Correct Answer
verified

Briefly describe an experiment that would test the Premack differential probability principle.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The findings from Pavlovian instrumental transfer experiments generally support

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following will not have much of an effect on the demand a group of rats has for food pellet reinforcers?

Correct Answer
verified

A major contribution of the Premack principle is that

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not a contribution of the response allocation approach?

Correct Answer
verified

Compare the Premack principle to the response deprivation hypothesis. What evidence supports the response deprivation hypothesis?

Correct Answer
verified

According to the response allocation approach, imposing an instrumental contingency

Correct Answer
verified

Sally was pushing the buttons of a video game to earn gold pieces when she heard the bicycle-bell belonging to her cruel older brother, signaling that he was home. According to the two-process theory, she will push the buttons

Correct Answer
verified

According to the response allocation approach, when a rat is hungry, it pushes a lever to get food in order to

Correct Answer
verified

According to the two-process theory, the emotional state generated by an instrumental conditioning procedure is determined by

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

A male Japanese quail was pecking at a key light for access to a quail hen. During this time, the researcher presented the male with a tone CS that had previously signaled the end of a period of access to food. According to the two-process theory, in response to the CS, the keypeck rate will

Correct Answer
verified

The problem with assuming that R-O relationships act alone to produce instrumental behavior is that

Correct Answer
verified

Describe implications of modern concepts of reinforcement for behavior therapy.

Correct Answer
verified

According to the response allocation approach, reinforcement effects occur because

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 7: Instrumental Conditioning

What is the unconstrained baseline\behavioral bliss point? How does an experimenter determine this? How does the baseline\bliss point approach account for reinforcer effects?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe what is an S-R association and what provides the best evidence for it.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Briefly describe an experiment that would test the Premack differential probability principle.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The findings from Pavlovian instrumental transfer experiments generally support

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following will not have much of an effect on the demand a group of rats has for food pellet reinforcers?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A major contribution of the Premack principle is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a contribution of the response allocation approach?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare the Premack principle to the response deprivation hypothesis. What evidence supports the response deprivation hypothesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the response allocation approach, imposing an instrumental contingency

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sally was pushing the buttons of a video game to earn gold pieces when she heard the bicycle-bell belonging to her cruel older brother, signaling that he was home. According to the two-process theory, she will push the buttons

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the response allocation approach, when a rat is hungry, it pushes a lever to get food in order to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the two-process theory, the emotional state generated by an instrumental conditioning procedure is determined by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A male Japanese quail was pecking at a key light for access to a quail hen. During this time, the researcher presented the male with a tone CS that had previously signaled the end of a period of access to food. According to the two-process theory, in response to the CS, the keypeck rate will

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The problem with assuming that R-O relationships act alone to produce instrumental behavior is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe implications of modern concepts of reinforcement for behavior therapy.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the response allocation approach, reinforcement effects occur because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Correct Answer
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