Question 1

Reference memory is

Accepted Answer

A)  a store of items held only long enough to complete a given task.
B)  long term retention of information necessary for successful use of incoming and recently acquired information.
C)  short (10-25 seconds) term retention of information used for comparisons to items in long-term memory.
D)  defined as memory for items located in space.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Which of the following has been determined to most influence the behavior of rats in a radial arm maze?

Accepted Answer

A)  odor cues
B)  the presence or absence of food
C)  a fixed sequence of responses
D)  visual cues in the testing roomE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Which of the following is true of delayed matching to sample tasks?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pigeons learn only specific stimulus-response relations; chimps can learn general rules.
B)  Trials-unique procedures increase the likelihood of stimulus-response learning in pigeons, but not in chimps.
C)  Pigeons and chimps can learn "same-as rules."
D)  Pigeons often solve delayed matching to sample tasks by orienting their bodies towards the sample stimulus; chimps use general rules.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

Compare the memory consolidation and retrieval-failure hypotheses of retrograde amnesia. What evidence allows researchers to decide between the two hypotheses?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the memory consolidation and retrieval-failure hypotheses...

Question 5

A problem identified in the interpretation of data from studies with knockout mice is

Accepted Answer

A)  that the protein products can turn on and off.
B)  that the mice may not develop normally and therefore their brains may be different in a variety of ways.
C)  that doxycycline added to their food can turn off gene expression.
D)  that tTa added to their food can turn off gene expression.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Compare the learning of a general rule to the learning of specific rules. Under what circumstances will general rules be learned? What causes specific rules to be learned?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the learning of a general rule...

Question 7

The retrieval failure hypothesis of retrograde amnesia suggests that amnesia results from

Accepted Answer

A)  retention failure.
B)  general memory loss.
C)  loss of information from short-term memory
D)  altered coding of relatively recent memories.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 8

Which of the following is a general rule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Select red after exposure to red.
B)  Select blue after exposure to yellow.
C)  Select horizontal lines after exposure to vertical lines.
D)  Select a stimulus that is the same as the sample.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

The important difference between the memory consolidation and retrieval failure hypotheses of retrograde amnesia is that

Accepted Answer

A)  the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects altered coding of new memories, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects a vulnerability of information in the short-term store.
B)  the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects memory loss, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects altered coding of new memories.
C)  the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects memory loss, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects a vulnerability of information in the short-term store.
D)  the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects a vulnerability of information in the short-term store, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects memory loss.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Susan, Debra, and Sally are serving as subjects in a psychology experiment. Each will be taught to ride a bicycle. Susan will be taught by an expert instructor, Debra will be taught by a video demonstration, and Sally will be given a book on bicycles. The amount of time it takes each student to learn to ride will be recorded. This is likely a study of

Accepted Answer

A)  retrieval.
B)  retention.
C)  acquisition.
D)  spatial memory.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

NR2B is typically found

Accepted Answer

A)  as a subunit of NMDA that interferes with LTP in adulthood.
B)  as a subunit of NMDA that interferes with LTP in juveniles.
C)  as a subunit of NMDA that promotes LTP in adulthood.
D)  as a subunit of NMDA that promotes LTP in juveniles.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Of the following behaviors, which would not be included in a study of animal cognition by experimental psychologists?

Accepted Answer

A)  consciousness
B)  forgetting
C)  stimulus coding
D)  cognitive mapsE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

To receive reinforcement in a delayed matching to sample task, an organism must select

Accepted Answer

A)  a test stimulus that is identical to the sample stimulus.
B)  a sample stimulus that is identical to the test stimulus.
C)  a test stimulus that is identical to the start cue.
D)  a sample stimulus that is identical to the start cue.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Knockout mice lacking the gene to code for CaKMII demonstrate

Accepted Answer

A)  enhanced learning in tasks requiring spatial memory.
B)  impaired learning in tasks requiring spatial memory.
C)  no differences in learning in tasks requiring spatial memory.
D)  CaKMII is not involved in spatial memoryE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Describe spatial learning tasks and mechanisms that have been used to explain efficient performance in this situation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe spatial learning tasks and mechanisms that...

Question 16

Monkeys are presented with a series of stimuli in a delayed matching to sample task. First a white light signals the start of the trial. Then a green light is presented, followed by the red sample light, a delay, and then the test stimuli of a green light and a red light. This experiment is designed to explore

Accepted Answer

A)  proactive interference.
B)  reference memory coding.
C)  retroactive interference.
D)  retrograde amnesia.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Describe three ways current techniques in genetics are contributing to our understanding of learning and behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe three ways current techniques in genetics...

Question 18

Animal cognition is most correctly defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  the application of stimulus-response learning to explain complex chains of behavior.
B)  the use of voluntary or conscious reflection to direct behavior.
C)  the use of an internal representation, or model, of some past experience as a basis for behavior.
D)  the use of overt classically or instrumentally conditioned responses to direct behavior.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Describe the phenomenon of directed forgetting and what it tells us about memory processes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the phenomenon of directed forgetting and...

Question 20

Cognitive mechanisms are used to explain animal behaviors when

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning mechanisms are not sufficient to account for actions.
B)  instrumental conditioning mechanisms are not sufficient to account for actions.
C)  discriminative stimulus mechanisms are used to describe behavior.
D)  S-R mechanisms are not sufficient to account for actions.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Exam 11: Comparative Cognition I

Describe spatial learning tasks and mechanisms that have been used to explain efficient performance in this situation.

Correct Answer
verified

NR2B is typically found

Correct Answer
verified

Of the following behaviors, which would not be included in a study of animal cognition by experimental psychologists?

Correct Answer
verified

Animal cognition is most correctly defined as

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Describe three ways current techniques in genetics are contributing to our understanding of learning and behavior.

Correct Answer
verified

To receive reinforcement in a delayed matching to sample task, an organism must select

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following has been determined to most influence the behavior of rats in a radial arm maze?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is true of delayed matching to sample tasks?

Correct Answer
verified

Cognitive mechanisms are used to explain animal behaviors when

Correct Answer
verified

Compare the learning of a general rule to the learning of specific rules. Under what circumstances will general rules be learned? What causes specific rules to be learned?

Correct Answer
verified

A problem identified in the interpretation of data from studies with knockout mice is

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is a general rule?

Correct Answer
verified

The important difference between the memory consolidation and retrieval failure hypotheses of retrograde amnesia is that

Correct Answer
verified

Compare the memory consolidation and retrieval-failure hypotheses of retrograde amnesia. What evidence allows researchers to decide between the two hypotheses?

Correct Answer
verified

Reference memory is

Correct Answer
verified

Describe the phenomenon of directed forgetting and what it tells us about memory processes.

Correct Answer
verified

Knockout mice lacking the gene to code for CaKMII demonstrate

Correct Answer
verified

The retrieval failure hypothesis of retrograde amnesia suggests that amnesia results from

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 11: Comparative Cognition I

Describe spatial learning tasks and mechanisms that have been used to explain efficient performance in this situation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

NR2B is typically found

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of the following behaviors, which would not be included in a study of animal cognition by experimental psychologists?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Animal cognition is most correctly defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe three ways current techniques in genetics are contributing to our understanding of learning and behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To receive reinforcement in a delayed matching to sample task, an organism must select

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following has been determined to most influence the behavior of rats in a radial arm maze?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of delayed matching to sample tasks?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cognitive mechanisms are used to explain animal behaviors when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare the learning of a general rule to the learning of specific rules. Under what circumstances will general rules be learned? What causes specific rules to be learned?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A problem identified in the interpretation of data from studies with knockout mice is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a general rule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The important difference between the memory consolidation and retrieval failure hypotheses of retrograde amnesia is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare the memory consolidation and retrieval-failure hypotheses of retrograde amnesia. What evidence allows researchers to decide between the two hypotheses?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reference memory is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the phenomenon of directed forgetting and what it tells us about memory processes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Knockout mice lacking the gene to code for CaKMII demonstrate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The retrieval failure hypothesis of retrograde amnesia suggests that amnesia results from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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