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Exam 5: Relativism and Skepticism

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Question 31

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Epistemic justification is different from pragmatic justification.

A) True
B) False

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Question 32

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According to the JTB account of knowledge, these three conditions are required for genuine knowledge a proposition P:

A) stable family life, sound government, safe streets
B) reason, emotion, appetite
C) money, credit, prosperity
D) one believes that P is true, P is true, one has a sufficient justification for believing that P is true

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Question 33

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Why, according to Socrates, would critical thinking be impossible if skepticism is true?

Socrates argued that all truth is subjective.

Protagoras believed that victory, not objective truth, is the goal of argument.

Socrates met Gorgias in person.

One argument against the JTB account of knowledge rests on the premise that people sometimes make a lucky guess and then say, "See, I knew it."

Protagoras was a wealthy teacher.

Socrates advocated cultural relativism.

Epistemology is the philosophical study of the nature of knowledge.

Socrates said, "Man is the measure of all things."

Epistemology is the study of what people do in fact believe.

A belief might be pragmatically justified but not epistemically justified.

Socrates advocated individual relativism.

Epistemology is the study of opinion.

Socrates argued that knowledge and opinion are two different things.

Contemporary philosophers claim only that the belief, truth, and justification conditions are necessary but not sufficient for the presence of knowledge.

Gorgias was a Sophist.

According to Protagoras, objective truth does not exist.

Which cognitive bias is most socially harmful? Why do you think so?