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Exam 4: Research Methods

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Question 51

Multiple Choice

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The Surgeon General gathered data that demonstrated the more people smoked,the more likely they were to develop lung cancer,heart disease,and other dangerous illnesses.This data demonstrates

A) that there is a positive correlation between smoking and serious illnesses like lung cancer.
B) that there is a negative correlation between smoking and serious illnesses like lung cancer.
C) that smoking causes lung cancer and other serious illnesses.
D) there is no relationship between smoking and lung cancer or other serious illnesses.

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Question 52

Multiple Choice

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If you observe that umbrellas cause rain since they always occur together,you may be confusing

A) correlation with causation.
B) confounds with correlations.
C) independent variable with dependent variable.
D) statistical and clinical effects.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Question 53

Multiple Choice

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A hypothesis is defined as a(n) _________.

The basic components of informed consent are

A researcher is testing the effects of sunlight on depression.The dependent variable is_________ and the independent variable is _________________

Combining the monozygotic and adoption study methods,researchers often study monozygotic twins raised in different families.Using this method,similarities in behaviors,traits,and psychological disorders between monozygotic twins raised apart helps researchers determine

Adoption studies can be used to study the influence of genetic influences on psychopathology

The single-case experimental design

Genetic linkage analysis has not yet provided the types of answers scientists hope for in terms of understanding the specific genetic causes of psychopathology.The most likely reason that this type of analysis has not been as promising as hoped is that the genetic influences of psychopathology are

The directionality issue in correlation refers to

Statistical significance determines whether an observed difference between a treatment and control group is likely due to _____________.

Placebos are used in experiments to

The most accurate description of the correlational model is

In cross-cultural research,the independent or treatment variable is generally the ___________.

Confounds,or factors that make it difficult to interpret accurately the results of a study,directly affect

Epidemological researchers such as Delisi,Maurizio,Yost,et al.,2003,who assessed men and women in Manhattan following the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001,generally use the research method called the ________.

Age and experience are confounded while using the cross-sectional design.This means that it cannot be determined if

In research studies,the term "effect size" refers to

Your friend has trouble making commitments in relationships.You believe that this is because her parents had a bitter divorce when she was young.Your belief that a child who lives through a bitter parental divorce will have trouble making commitments in relationships as an adult would be considered a(n) _________.

An association study of the genetic influences of psychopathology compares people with and without a specific disorder in terms of