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In about _____________patients,cyclothymic mood swings develop into full-blown bipolar disorder.


A) 25% to 33%
B) 33% to 50%
C) 50% to 66%
D) 10% to 20%

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Studies has shown that tricyclics have caused


A) manic episodes in the elderly.
B) severe weight loss in adolescents.
C) sudden death in children.
D) all of the above

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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At various times,Cynthia,a 20-year-old college student,has been considered by her family and/or friends to be moody,high-strung,explosive,or hyperactive.Knowing the criteria for mood disorders,you would diagnose Cynthia with ___________.


A) major depressive disorder
B) panic disorder
C) dysthymia
D) cyclothymia

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Prevention of mood disorders in children and adolescents include


A) universal programs.
B) selected interventions.
C) indicated interventions.
D) all of the above

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Dysphoric mania refers to a type of mood disorder in which manic episodes are


A) extremely severe.
B) very mild.
C) accompanied by depression or anxiety.
D) related to a medical condition.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following is NOT TRUE about a hypomanic manic episode?


A) It is not necessarily problematic.
B) It does contribute to the definition of several mood disorders.
C) It causes marked impairment in social or occupational functioning.
D) It need only last 4 days.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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The average duration of an untreated depressive episode is


A) 2 years.
B) 1 year.
C) 6 months.
D) 9 months.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Recent research (Grunhaus,et al.,2003; Janicak et al.,2002) suggests that an equally effective alternative to electroconvulsive therapy that requires no anesthesia and appears to alter electrical activity in the brain may be


A) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) .
B) electrocranial stimulation (ECS) .
C) magnetic resonance stimulation (MRS) .
D) positron cranial stimulation (PCS) .

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Depression rates appear to be _________ in adolescents.


A) decreasing
B) leveling off
C) the same as adults

D) A) and B)
E) None of the above

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Katie has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder.Most recently,she has been lying immobile for long periods.If someone moves one of her arms to a different position,it just stays there.Katie has stopped speaking and does not appear to hear what is being said to her.What specifier would you apply to her diagnosis of major depressive disorder?


A) Chronic
B) Catatonic
C) Atypical
D) Melancholic

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Cross-cultural research indicates that,due at least in part to appalling social and economic conditions,the prevalence of major depression is extremely high among ________.


A) African Americans
B) Hispanic Americans
C) Asian Americans
D) Native Americans

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Depressed people


A) exhibit erratic REM patterns over the course of several nights.
B) begin REM sleep earlier than do non-depressed people.
C) experience intense REM activity, but may not reach the stages of deepest sleep.
D) both b and c

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Manic episodes alternate with depressive episodes in the disorder called


A) bipolar disorder.
B) major depressive disorder.
C) pathological grief reaction.
D) postpartum psychosis.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Dysthymic disorder is to major depressive episode as cyclothymic disorder is to


A) major depressive episode.
B) dysthymic disorder.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) none of the above

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Regarding Beck's views on depression,which of the following definitions of cognitive errors and negative schema is NOT correct?


A) In a self-blame schema, depressed individuals feel personally responsible for every bad thing that happens.
B) Arbitrary inference means that a depressed individual emphasizes the positive rather than the negative aspects of a situation.
C) In a negative self-evaluation schema, depressed individuals believe that they can never do anything correctly.
D) Overgeneralization occurs when a small error is magnified to mean something much more significant.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Dysthymic disorder differs from major depressive disorder because people diagnosed with dysthymia have symptoms of depression that are ________.


A) more severe
B) longer-lasting
C) episodic
D) temporary

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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When referring to the mood disorders called cyclothymia and dysthymia,it would be accurate to say that an individual with cyclothymia probably


A) would be considered "moody."
B) cannot function normally at all.
C) has more depressive episodes.
D) has full manic episodes.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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The antidepressant medication lithium is also referred to as a mood stabilizer because it


A) increases the availability of both dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain.
B) is less toxic than the SSRI medications.
C) helps to prevent manic episodes.
D) increases thyroid functioning, which results in improved mood stabilization.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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One of the symptoms of a mood disorder is called anhedonia,which means


A) a feeling of worthlessness.
B) an altered pattern of sleep.
C) indecisiveness.
D) an inability to experience pleasure.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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A child raised by depressed parents is likely to


A) struggle with depression as well.
B) learn how to avoid depression.
C) be inoculated against depression.
D) deny stress symptoms.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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