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Herzberg concluded from his studies that managers should focus on ____ factors to produce long-term dedication from their employees.


A) motivation
B) hygiene
C) both motivation and hygiene
D) satisfier
E) working condition

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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The theory stating that rewarded behavior is likely to be repeated and that punished behavior is less likely to recur is called


A) expectancy theory.
B) Theory Y.
C) equity theory.
D) reinforcement theory.
E) Theory X.

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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Compare and contrast the assumptions about workers that would be held by a manager who uses Theory X and the assumptions about workers by a manager who uses Theory Y. Which of the two types of managers would you rather work for? Consider their management styles in your answer.

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Gina Robinson, Inc. (GRI) GRI management has decided to reinvent the culture of the organization. Previously, the company tried to make jobs more appealing by adding more responsibilities to each job description. However, this did not work. Next, the company decided to add flextime. It believed that this would create more dedicated employees. GRI then introduced even more work options for employees. For example, management decided to group all full-time employees into teams to allow employees with different backgrounds to learn from each other. Many different kinds of teams were allowed, as long as the group members did not interact via the Internet or any other electronic means. The managers reasoned that team members must work face to face to learn from and truly engage with each other. Once these teams were formed, GRI management noticed that the quality of employees' work was much improved. The managers also observed that people felt much more comfortable with and tolerant of each other. -Refer to Gina Robinson, Inc. If GRI management were to allow employees to work at home for a portion of the work week, which of these practices would they be introducing?


A) Travel compensation
B) Telecommuting
C) Job sharing
D) Part-time
E) Flextime

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Miyuki is a financial analyst for a health care company in Phoenix. Her husband is transferred to Atlanta, but Miyuki's employer allows her to keep her job and work from her new home in Atlanta. Miyuki has to travel back to Phoenix for one week every other month to meet in person with company officials. This arrangement is called


A) flextime.
B) part-time.
C) self-managed work.
D) telecommuting.
E) long-distance empowerment.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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According to Ouchi, American industry is dominated by ____ firms. These firms emphasize short-term employment, individual decision making and responsibility, rapid evaluation and promotion, explicit control, and specialized career paths.


A) type X
B) type Y
C) type Z
D) type A
E) type J

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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For job enrichment to benefit the company, what must happen first?


A) There must be an obvious need for it due to inefficiencies in the firm.
B) Employers must have exhausted all other possibilities in an effort to improve the efficiency of the firm.
C) Employers must train their associates on new job tasks before assigning them these new tasks.
D) Employers must have employees who fear failure and have low self- confidence.
E) Employees must show interest in taking on other tasks.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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Herzberg thought a state of complete satisfaction was common among employees.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following strengthens desired behavior by eliminating an undesirable task or situation?


A) Punishment
B) Positive reinforcement
C) Negative reinforcement
D) Behavior modification
E) Neutral reinforcement

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

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An action directly following a particular behavior is called a(n)


A) activator.
B) motivator.
C) reinforcement.
D) extinction.
E) expectant.

F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

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How does a positive reinforcement differ from a negative reinforcement?

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Positive reinforcement and negative rein...

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Employee empowerment replaces top-down management control, giving employees a voice in what they do and how and when they do it.

A) True
B) False

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The need for self-actualization concerns an employee's desire for


A) safety.
B) survival.
C) a sense of belonging.
D) self-worth.
E) becoming the best there is.

F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

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Maslow's hierarchy of needs includes psychological needs, safety needs, social needs, security needs, and self-importance needs.

A) True
B) False

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Janna owns a jewelry shop that sells handmade jewelry. Her employees are paid a certain amount for each bracelet and necklace they produce, regardless of the amount of time it takes. This is a


A) wage system.
B) salary system.
C) quota compensation.
D) piece-rate system.
E) commission plan.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The concepts underlying Theory Z were first presented in the 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise.

A) True
B) False

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All of the following are characteristics of McGregor's Theory X except


A) people have the ability to help accomplish an organization's goals.
B) people dislike work and try to avoid it.
C) managers must coerce, control, and threaten employees.
D) people must be led because they have little ambition.
E) people are concerned mainly with security.

F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

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A sales manager has implemented a program for his salespeople that involves a meeting with each salesperson, during which the sales manager gives the salesperson the yearly quota for the salesperson's territory. The sales manager has missed the key concept in management by objectives, which is


A) reducing the paperwork involved in the MBO process.
B) a mutual understanding of the punishment to be given if the salesperson does not meet the goal set by the sales manager.
C) mutual goal setting between the sales manager and the salesperson.
D) documentation of the sales quota in the salesperson's personnel file.
E) ensuring that the economy can support the sales quota assigned.

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following stages is not a part of the team development process?


A) Forming
B) Performing
C) Norming
D) Adjourning
E) Remanding

F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

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How does motivation differ from morale? How does each affect job performance?

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