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Exam 2: Microbial Cell Structure and Function

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Question 41

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In general,swimming is performed with flagella,whereas gliding uses other cellular components such as pili.

A) True
B) False

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Question 42

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Why is energy required for nutrient transport? Give an example of a system that transports nutrients and describe what source of energy is used to move the nutrients into the cell.

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Energy is required for nutrient transpor...

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Question 43

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Smaller prokaryotic cells generally grow faster than larger ones due to a higher surface-area-to-volume ratio.

You are studying swimming motility in a pathogenic bacillus.You create mutations in random genes and then test which mutations effect swimming motility by looking at the mutant cells under the microscope.One of the mutant bacteria can not swim anymore,but still rotates around in a one spot when you watch them.Using electron microscopy you discover that some parts of the flagella are still present in the cell wall,but no long flagella are visible.Which gene do you think is mutated (i.e.,missing)and which motility-related parts are still present in this mutant?

Describe the mechanisms by which certain prokaryotes glide.What are the ecological advantages of gliding motility?

ATP-binding cassette transport systems have high substrate affinity and thus help microorganisms survive in low nutrient environments.

Electron microscopes have less resolving power than light microscopes.

Describe the makeup of the phospholipid bilayer.Include molecular orientation and proteins as well.

Although the inner leaflet of the gram-negative outer membrane is composed mainly of phospholipids,the outer leaflet of the outer membrane contains

Membrane-enclosed organelles,such as nuclei,lysosomes,endoplasmic reticulum,mitochondria,and chloroplasts,

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Explain why a eukaryotic cell needs membrane-enclosed lysosomes and peroxisomes.

Elaborate on why discovering endospores was important to microbiology.

Using bright-field microscopy to look at a slide prepared with a basic dye you observe cells under 400X magnification with a clear inner compartment within the cell.The cell is most likely a(n)

Poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB)is a carbon- and energy-storing polymer.

Chemotaxis is a sensory response affecting the rotational direction of the flagellar motor.

A major function of prokaryotic gas vesicles is to

Teichoic acids are commonly found in gram-negative cell walls.

You have discovered a new bacterial strain that causes urinary tract infections.Closely related bacterial species cannot cause infections.You compare the strains and find that your new strain has structures composed of protein external to its cell wall.What structures might your new strain have that the other strains do not? Why?

Electron microscopy has greater ________ than light microscopy,because the wavelengths of visible light are much larger than the wavelengths of electrons.