Question 1

Although slower than an action potential, synaptic transmission is still relatively fast because:

Accepted Answer

A)   the synaptic cleft is very narrow.
B)   sodium ions are transported quickly.
C)   neurotransmitters diffuse faster than electricity.
D)   EPSPs travel faster than IPSPs.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 2

What happens when a neurotransmitter is released by a presynaptic cell?

Accepted Answer

A)   It causes calcium to rush into the presynaptic neuron.
B)   It causes calcium to rush into the postsynaptic neuron.
C)   The neurotransmitter passively spreads across the synaptic cleft.
D)   The neurotransmitter is actively transported across the synaptic cleft.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

What was the first evidence reported by T. R. Elliott suggesting that synapses operate chemically?

Accepted Answer

A)   Adrenaline mimics the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system.
B)   Adrenaline decreases heart rate.
C)   Adrenaline produces a hormone which decreases heart rate.
D)   Adrenaline mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 4

An action potential causes the release of neurotransmitters by:

Accepted Answer

A)   blocking potassium pores in the membrane.
B)   opening chloride pores in the membrane.
C)   blocking iron pores in the membrane.
D)   opening calcium pores in the membrane.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Which drugs most closely resemble the neurotransmitter serotonin?

Accepted Answer

A)   hallucinogens
B)   cannabinoids
C)   opiates
D)   stimulantsE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 6

The amount of temporal summation depends on the rate of stimulation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Unlike studies with animals, MDMA in humans is harmless to serotonin neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Describe the main chemical events at a synapse.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the main chemical events at a...

Question 9

What is the primary difference between temporal summation and spatial summation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Only spatial summation can produce an action potential.
B)   Spatial summation depends on contributions from more than one sensory neuron.
C)   Temporal summation produces a hyperpolarization instead of a depolarization.
D)   Spatial summation alters the response of more than one postsynaptic cell.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)  controls:

Accepted Answer

A)   secretions of the gonads.
B)   secretions of the mammary glands.
C)   secretions of the thyroid gland.
D)   secretions of the adrenal cortex.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 11

Temporal summation is to ____ as spatial summation is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   time, location
B)   EPSP, IPSP
C)   location, time
D)   depolarization, hyperpolarizationE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

Most neurons have a spontaneous firing rate, a periodic production of action potentials even without synaptic input.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

What do temporal summation and spatial summation have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)   Both involve the activity of only two neurons.
B)   Both require a response from the brain.
C)   Both depend on a combination of visual and auditory stimuli.
D)   Both enable a reflex to occur in response to weak stimuli.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Given a repetitive series of action potentials in a given neuron, we can expect that:

Accepted Answer

A)   each action potential will release the same amount of neurotransmitter.
B)   later action potentials in a series will release more neurotransmitter than the first.
C)   many action potentials will fail to release any neurotransmitters at all.
D)   some action potentials will release one chemical as the neurotransmitter, and others will release other chemicals.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Electrical communication between neurons is faster than chemical communication within neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Ionotropic effects are characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A)   rapid, short-lived effects.
B)   rapid, long lasting effects.
C)   excitatory only.
D)   inhibitory only.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)  is also known as?

Accepted Answer

A)   ecstasy
B)   crack
C)   angel dust
D)   ganjaE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 18

Which of the following characterizes ionotropic effects?

Accepted Answer

A)   rapid, short-lived effects
B)   rapid, long lasting effects
C)   excitatory only
D)   inhibitory onlyE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

What ordinarily prevents extensor muscles from contracting at the same time as flexor muscles?

Accepted Answer

A)   the ligaments and tendons that bind them together
B)   learned patterns of coordination in the cerebral cortex
C)   inhibitory synapses in the spinal cord
D)   control of both muscles by different branches of the same axon.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 20

The key into a lock analogy best describes:

Accepted Answer

A)   a drug's efficacy
B)   a drug's affinity for a receptor
C)   breakdown at a receptor site
D)   a drug's reuptakeE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 3: Synapses

Which of the following characterizes ionotropic effects?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Temporal summation is to ____ as spatial summation is to ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) controls:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What do temporal summation and spatial summation have in common?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What ordinarily prevents extensor muscles from contracting at the same time as flexor muscles?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the primary difference between temporal summation and spatial summation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which drugs most closely resemble the neurotransmitter serotonin?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The amount of temporal summation depends on the rate of stimulation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is also known as?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ionotropic effects are characterized by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The key into a lock analogy best describes:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An action potential causes the release of neurotransmitters by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the main chemical events at a synapse.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Electrical communication between neurons is faster than chemical communication within neurons.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Unlike studies with animals, MDMA in humans is harmless to serotonin neurons.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most neurons have a spontaneous firing rate, a periodic production of action potentials even without synaptic input.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Given a repetitive series of action potentials in a given neuron, we can expect that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was the first evidence reported by T. R. Elliott suggesting that synapses operate chemically?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although slower than an action potential, synaptic transmission is still relatively fast because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What happens when a neurotransmitter is released by a presynaptic cell?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Temporal summation is to as spatial summation is to .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified