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When nerve impulses pass to the diaphragm,the diaphragm relaxes and exhalation occurs.

A) True
B) False

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With negative pressure breathing,the muscles that move the ribs and diaphragm are distant from the absorptive alveolar surfaces.What difficulty(ies) could occur if the muscles were around each alveolus and had to expand each alveolus to suck in air?


A) Muscle tissue would get in the way of absorption of gases across the air-to-capillary border.
B) Interspersed muscle tissue would take up much space and the lung-muscle volume would have to be much larger.
C) Since muscle cells only contract and relax,it would be difficult for a few cells to cause alveolar expansion.
D) Adding a third tissue to the intimate alveolar-capillary complex would increase the problems with disorders and diseases.
E) All of the choices are correct.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

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How is most carbon dioxide transported in the blood?


A) as gas bubbles of CO2,just as in carbonated soft drinks
B) as bicarbonate ions (HCO3)
C) on the free hemoglobins since they have lost their oxygen in the tissues
D) as carbon monoxide
E) as carbon compounds and oxygen radicals

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Which of the following respiratory disorders might be cured in the future through the use of gene therapy?


A) Cystic fibrosis
B) Emphysema
C) Lung cancer
D) Asthma
E) Pulmonary fibrosis

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Oxygen-poor blood becomes oxygen-rich blood in the capillary beds of the


A) trachea.
B) bronchi.
C) bronchioles.
D) alveoli.
E) larynx.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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