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Martin Seligman's theory that people become anxious and depressed because they believe that they have no control over the stress in their lives is called


A) the learned helplessness theory.
B) cognitive-behavioral theory.
C) humanistic/existential theory.
D) the control theory of depression.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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A goal of treatment for patients who have experienced major depressive disorders is delaying or preventing the next episode. In which of the following situations would this goal be LEAST important?


A) Patients who have recovered from a major depressive episode but still have some residual symptoms
B) Patients with a past history of chronic depression (dysthymia)
C) Patients with a past history of multiple episodes of major depressive disorder
D) Patients who have had a single, brief episode of major depressive disorder and recovered without treatment

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Research has found that low serotonin levels may be implicated in suicidal behavior because they affect all of the following EXCEPT .


A) impulsivity
B) instability
C) agnosia
D) overreactivity

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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In rare tragic cases, a mother suffering from major depression with peripartum onset sometimes


A) kills her child.
B) commits suicide.
C) murders other people's children.
D) injures the child's father.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Milton has been mildly depressed for many years. Just recently, however, his depression deepened, and he was severely depressed for about three months. His deep depression then lifted and he was once again mildly depressed. Milton


A) will be easier to treat now that the severe depression is resolved.
B) will quickly respond to treatment and will recover completely from his depression.
C) will require a longer and more intense course of treatment to maintain a normal mood state.
D) will require treatment for the rest of his life.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The probability that a person will recover from a major depressive episode within 1 year approaches 90% in _________________.


A) almost all cases
B) mild cases only
C) severe cases only
D) double depression only

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Bipolar II disorder consists of


A) depression with hypomanic episodes.
B) depression with anxiety.
C) depression with mania.
D) depression with dysthymia.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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For individuals who had not been previously depressed, research studies indicate that a marital separation or divorce resulted in


A) a higher rate of depression in men.
B) a higher rate of depression in women.
C) approximately equal rates of depression for males and females.
D) no symptoms of depression in either males or females.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Recent research suggests that an equally effective alternative to some antidepressant medications that appears to alter electrical activity in the brain may be


A) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) .
B) electrocranial stimulation (ECS) .
C) magnetic resonance stimulation (MRS) .
D) positron cranial stimulation (PCS) .

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Identify and explain the risk factors associated with suicide.

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Family history: If a family member has c...

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A child raised by depressed parents is likely to


A) struggle with depression as well.
B) learn how to avoid depression.
C) be inoculated against depression.
D) deny stress symptoms.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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One of the symptoms of a mood disorder is called anhedonia, which means


A) a feeling of worthlessness.
B) an altered pattern of sleep.
C) indecisiveness.
D) an inability to engage in pleasurable activities.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Persistent depressive disorder (formerly called dysthymia) differs from major depressive disorder because people diagnosed with dysthymia have symptoms of depression that are .


A) more severe
B) longer-lasting
C) episodic
D) temporary

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria for a manic episode:


A) inflated self-esteem.
B) more talkative than usual.
C) ideas that seem to be racing.
D) ability to concentrate.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Clinical studies have shown that the response rate for patients receiving at least some relief from depressive symptoms is approximately ??.


A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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In regard to the relationship between stress and depression, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT


A) the context of the life event, as well as its meaning to the individual, is more important than the nature of the event itself.
B) an individual's current mood state might distort earlier memories of stressful life events that precipitated the depression.
C) stressful life events are strongly related to the onset of mood disorders.
D) recurrent episodes of depression, but not initial episodes, are strongly predicted by major life stress.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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The peripartum onset specifier is used to characterize a severe manic or depressive episode with psychotic features that occurs in a woman immediately before or after .


A) childbirth
B) a hysterectomy
C) a physical assault
D) menopause

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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At various times, Cynthia, a 20-year-old college student, has been considered by her family and/or friends to be moody, high-strung, explosive, or hyperactive. She never fails to take care of her responsibilities, but the fact that she seems to experience mood swings that are outside the norm has been noticed by those around her. Knowing the criteria for mood disorders, you would diagnose Cynthia with .


A) major depressive disorder
B) panic disorder
C) persistent depressive disorder
D) cyclothymic disorder

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following are true about hypomanic episodes:


A) They are generally less severe than manic episodes.
B) They do not cause marked impairment in social functioning.
C) They generally last less than a week.
D) All of the above are correct.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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The melancholic specifiers for depressive disorders include all of the following EXCEPT


A) weight loss.
B) loss of libido (sex drive) .
C) sleeping late and hypersomnia.
D) anhedonia.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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