Question 1

The most reliable way of testing whether a newly introduced method of psychological therapy is truly effective is to use

Accepted Answer

A)   survey research.
B)   naturalistic observation.
C)   correlational research.
D)   experimental research.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Professor Bolden claims that his experimental research demonstrates that eating an apple every day improves children's reading skills.How might he best offer further support for the reliability of this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)   replication
B)   naturalistic observation
C)   case studies
D)   correlational researchE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 3

Psychologists who carefully watch the behavior of chimpanzee societies in the jungle are using a research method known as

Accepted Answer

A)   the survey.
B)   experimentation.
C)   naturalistic observation.
D)   the case study.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

A representative sample is one that accurately reflects a larger

Accepted Answer

A)   control group.
B)   scatterplot.
C)   dependent variable.
D)   population.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 5

Random assignment is most likely to be used in ________ research.

Accepted Answer

A)   survey
B)   case study
C)   correlational
D)   experimentalE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 6

One study found that the proportion of anger-related words in 148 million tweets from 1347 U.S.counties predicted the counties' heart disease rates.This research best illustrates the use of

Accepted Answer

A)   a case study.
B)   experimentation.
C)   a survey.
D)   naturalistic observation.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Political officials who have no doubt that their own economic and military predictions will come true most clearly demonstrate

Accepted Answer

A)   hindsight bias.
B)   random assignment.
C)   overconfidence.
D)   the placebo effect.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

In comparing the pace of life in 31 countries,Robert Levine and Ara Norenzayan found that the pace is fastest in Japan and Western Europe and slower in economically less-developed countries.What research method did they use?

Accepted Answer

A)   case study
B)   experiment
C)   naturalistic observation
D)   surveyE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Jamie and Lynn were sure that they had answered most of the multiple-choice questions correctly because "the questions required only common sense." However,they each scored less than 60% on the exam.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   a confounding variable.
B)   random assignment.
C)   hindsight bias.
D)   overconfidence.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 10

The British Psychological Society and the American Psychological Association have issued guidelines for animal research.These guidelines call for

Accepted Answer

A)   housing social animals with companions.
B)   ensuring the health of research animals.
C)   minimizing the infliction of pain on research animals.
D)   all of these requirements.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Why is the finding that "people with mental illness are more likely to smoke" problematic?

Accepted Answer

A)   It was derived from a survey.
B)   Correlation does not prove causation.
C)   The experiment that reached this conclusion cannot be replicated.
D)   This finding is not problematic.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 12

If the correlation between children's intelligence and their creativity is +1.00,this would indicate that

Accepted Answer

A)   there is very little statistical relationship between the two variables.
B)   lower intelligence has a negative effect on creativity level.
C)   among children,increased creativity is associated with higher intelligence.
D)   level of intelligence has no causal influence on the creativity of children.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

In a survey,psychologists select a random sample of research participants in order to ensure that

Accepted Answer

A)   the participants are representative of the population they are interested in studying.
B)   there will be a large number of participants in the research study.
C)   the study will not be influenced by the researcher's personal values.
D)   the same number of participants will be assigned to each of the experimental conditions.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Which of the following is a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together?

Accepted Answer

A)   replication
B)   experimentation
C)   correlation
D)   extrapolationE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

In an experimental study,men with erectile disorder received either Viagra or a placebo.In this study,the drug dosage (none versus peak dose) was the

Accepted Answer

A)   confounding variable.
B)   dependent variable.
C)   operational definition.
D)   independent variable.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Professor Ober carefully observes and records the behaviors of children in their classrooms in order to track the development of their social and intellectual skills.Professor Ober is most clearly engaged in

Accepted Answer

A)   survey research.
B)   naturalistic observation.
C)   experimentation.
D)   replication.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 17

A psychologist notes that we are especially attracted to people whose traits are different from our own.This statement would seem unsurprising to students because

Accepted Answer

A)   most students have often been attracted to people different from themselves.
B)   this finding is consistent with common sense.
C)   students are eager to interact with those who are different from themselves.
D)   the students have a tendency to exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome of past discoveries.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Repeating the essence of a previous research study to verify whether its findings extend to a new group of research participants and to different circumstances is called

Accepted Answer

A)   replication.
B)   random sampling.
C)   naturalistic observation.
D)   the double-blind procedure.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Following the scientific discovery that a specific brain structure is significantly larger in violent individuals than in those who are nonviolent,a news headline announced: "Enlarged Brain Structure Triggers Violent Acts." The headline writer should most clearly be warned about the dangers of

Accepted Answer

A)   the placebo effect.
B)   regression toward the mean.
C)   confusing association with causation.
D)   generalizing from unrepresentative samples.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

In an experimental study of the extent to which mental alertness is inhibited by sleep deprivation,mental alertness would be the

Accepted Answer

A)   control condition.
B)   independent variable.
C)   experimental condition.
D)   dependent variable.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Exam 2: Thinking Critically with Psychological Science

In an experimental study,men with erectile disorder received either Viagra or a placebo.In this study,the drug dosage (none versus peak dose) was the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most reliable way of testing whether a newly introduced method of psychological therapy is truly effective is to use

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jamie and Lynn were sure that they had answered most of the multiple-choice questions correctly because "the questions required only common sense." However,they each scored less than 60% on the exam.This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor Bolden claims that his experimental research demonstrates that eating an apple every day improves children's reading skills.How might he best offer further support for the reliability of this finding?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The British Psychological Society and the American Psychological Association have issued guidelines for animal research.These guidelines call for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A psychologist notes that we are especially attracted to people whose traits are different from our own.This statement would seem unsurprising to students because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor Ober carefully observes and records the behaviors of children in their classrooms in order to track the development of their social and intellectual skills.Professor Ober is most clearly engaged in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a survey,psychologists select a random sample of research participants in order to ensure that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Following the scientific discovery that a specific brain structure is significantly larger in violent individuals than in those who are nonviolent,a news headline announced: "Enlarged Brain Structure Triggers Violent Acts." The headline writer should most clearly be warned about the dangers of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In comparing the pace of life in 31 countries,Robert Levine and Ara Norenzayan found that the pace is fastest in Japan and Western Europe and slower in economically less-developed countries.What research method did they use?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Repeating the essence of a previous research study to verify whether its findings extend to a new group of research participants and to different circumstances is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One study found that the proportion of anger-related words in 148 million tweets from 1347 U.S.counties predicted the counties' heart disease rates.This research best illustrates the use of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Random assignment is most likely to be used in ________ research.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Political officials who have no doubt that their own economic and military predictions will come true most clearly demonstrate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experimental study of the extent to which mental alertness is inhibited by sleep deprivation,mental alertness would be the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the correlation between children's intelligence and their creativity is +1.00,this would indicate that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychologists who carefully watch the behavior of chimpanzee societies in the jungle are using a research method known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is the finding that "people with mental illness are more likely to smoke" problematic?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A representative sample is one that accurately reflects a larger

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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