Question 1

DNA differs from RNA in that

Accepted Answer

A)   RNA contains thymine whereas DNA contains uracil.
B)   base pairing is only possible between strands of DNA.
C)   only DNA is present in the cell nucleus.
D)   RNA contains pentose sugar residues whereas DNA contains hexose sugar residues.
E)   only DNA has an equal number of purines and pyrimidines.F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 2

Replication is the synthesis of _______, while transcription is the synthesis of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   an RNA copy of DNA; an exact copy of DNA
B)   an exact copy of DNA; proteins
C)   an exact copy of RNA; an exact copy of DNA
D)   proteins; an RNA copy of DNA
E)   an exact copy of DNA; an RNA copy of DNAF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 3

To test the idea of spontaneous generation, Francesco Redi used three jars containing meat, as represented by the figure below.  Suppose Pasteur had set up jars of sterile broth in the same way that Redi set up jars of meat to show that microorganisms do not arise spontaneously.In this case, two jars would serve as the controls and jar number _______ would differ from the controls, as both air and microorganisms would be excluded from entering the environment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of To test the idea of spontaneous generation,...

Question 4

It is noteworthy that the Miller-Urey experiments produced ribose sugars, because they are

Accepted Answer

A)   vital nutrients.
B)   essential components of proteins.
C)   essential components of a nucleic acid.
D)   essential components of lipids.
E)   essential monomers of all carbohydrates.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 5

In which characteristic are living cells and protocells alike?

Accepted Answer

A)   Their membranes are indistinguishable.
B)   Internal chemical reactions sustain the living states of both.
C)   The same series of processes allows both to undergo division to produce daughter cells.
D)   Processes inside them cause the oxidization of glucose.
E)   Their interiors are distinct from their exterior environments.F) D) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 6

Condensation of monomers to produce a polymer requires that water molecules be formed as products.This process would not be favored in an environment filled with water and with a low concentration of potential reactant molecules.As a result, it would have been necessary for certain types of substances such as metal ions to act as _______ to speed up these polymerization reactions in aqueous environments.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Condensation of monomers to produce a polymer...

Question 7

Because fatty acids are amphipathic, with hydrophobic tails, they

Accepted Answer

A)   form bilayers in water with tails facing inward in the membrane.
B)   form bilayers in water with tails facing outward from the membrane.
C)   catalyze the synthesis of proteins.
D)   catalyze the synthesis of nucleic acids.
E)   enable cellular reproduction.F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 8

Refer to the table below listing several protein enzymes found in modern cells, along with the rate constants of the reactions they catalyze in the presence of enzyme (kenzyme) and in the absence of enzyme (knon).The rate of a chemical reaction depends on its rate constant; the higher the rate constant, the greater the rate of reaction.Rate also depends on substrate and enzyme concentrations; however, for purposes of comparison, all concentrations have been kept constant with respect to these data.With this in mind, you can compare the rates of the catalyzed and noncatalyzed reactions using these rate constants.  What can you infer from these data about why catalysts were likely to have been important in the origin of life?

Accepted Answer

The data show that modern cells use enzy...

Question 9

If pyrimidines could bind to other pyrimidines, and purines could bind to other purines, what would be the effect on the DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

A)   The width of the double helix would vary rather than being fixed.
B)   The phosphodiester bonds would be unable to form.
C)   There would be a reduced requirement for phosphates in nucleotides.
D)   The DNA backbone would be made of nucleosides.
E)   The sugar would have to be ribose instead of deoxyribose.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 10

Which is found in a DNA molecule but not in an RNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)   Adenine
B)   Phosphate
C)   Ribose sugar
D)   Deoxyribose sugar
E)   PurineF) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 11

RNA differs from DNA in that

Accepted Answer

A)   the nitrogenous bases of DNA have one more oxygen atom.
B)   the nitrogenous bases of DNA have one less oxygen atom.
C)   the pentose sugar of DNA has one less oxygen atom.
D)   the pentose sugar of DNA has one more oxygen atom.
E)   RNA has phosphate groups, while DNA does not.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 12

_______ is the theory that life's simple molecules formed in Earth's primitive environment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ is the theory that life's simple...

Question 13

One function of nucleic acids is to

Accepted Answer

A)   transfer energy within a cell.
B)   form a cell membrane.
C)   catalyze all of the chemical reactions within a cell.
D)   carry out photosynthesis.
E)   code for fatty acid synthesis.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 14

In the double-stranded structure of DNA,

Accepted Answer

A)   the two strands are held together by covalent bonds.
B)   the monomers in each strand are linked together by hydrogen bonds.
C)   both strands run in the same direction.
D)   the two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds.
E)   the monomers in each strand are linked together by ionic bonds.F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

Refer to the figure below illustrating the "RNA world" hypothesis.  Which statement about this hypothetical evolutionary model is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   It supports the hypothesis that proteins appeared on Earth before nucleic acids.
B)   It would be impossible in reality, since RNA is synthesized from DNA.
C)   It would require prebiotic synthesis of fatty acids.
D)   It is consistent with the activity of modern retroviruses that synthesize DNA.
E)   It is inconsistent with the hypothesis that nucleic acids were the first catalysts.F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 16

Molecules consisting of only a pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base are called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Molecules consisting of only a pentose sugar...

Question 17

The DNA sequence ATTCGTTCA is equivalent to which RNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)   UAAGCAAGU
B)   ATTCGTTCA
C)   TAAGCAAGT
D)   UGAACGAAU
E)   AUUCGTUCAF) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 18

Refer to the table below showing data obtained from laboratory experiments that used the amino acid glycine in combination with a clay mineral kaolinite.The combination was subjected to repeated cycles of wetting and drying over many days.At various times during these cycles, samples were analyzed for changes, specifically the yield of glycine dimers, etc.Control samples without kaolinite produced no change in glycine.  Which hypothesis about the origin of life on Earth do these data support?

Accepted Answer

A)   Small biological molecules are formed by reaction of simple molecules present in the atmosphere.
B)   The formation of the earliest biological polymers was favored by the presence of catalysts.
C)   The rise of life on Earth occurred over a very long period of time.
D)   Early Earth had a reducing atmosphere that did not include oxygen.
E)   Water was present in large amounts in certain areas of primitive Earth at the time of the rise of life.F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 19

Nucleotides in RNA are connected to one another in the polynucleotide chain by _______ bonds between _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   hydrogen; a sugar and a phosphate group
B)   covalent; two phosphates
C)   covalent; two sugars
D)   hydrogen; two phosphate groups
E)   covalent; a sugar and a phosphate groupF) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 20

Refer to the figure below diagramming a protein composed of two R subunits and two C subunits.The R subunits are identical and the C subunits are identical, but R and C differ from each other.  The figure depicts a nucleotide performing a function.How can this function be described?

Accepted Answer

A)   Information storage
B)   Information transfer
C)   Energy metabolism
D)   Biological activity regulation
E)   Electron transferF) B) and D)
G) All of the above

Exam 4: Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Correct Answer
verified

In which characteristic are living cells and protocells alike?

Correct Answer
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The DNA sequence ATTCGTTCA is equivalent to which RNA sequence?

Correct Answer
verified

Which is found in a DNA molecule but not in an RNA molecule?

Correct Answer
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One function of nucleic acids is to

Correct Answer
verified

RNA differs from DNA in that

Correct Answer
verified

_______ is the theory that life's simple molecules formed in Earth's primitive environment.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Replication is the synthesis of _, while transcription is the synthesis of _.

Correct Answer
verified

Molecules consisting of only a pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base are called _______.

Correct Answer
verified

It is noteworthy that the Miller-Urey experiments produced ribose sugars, because they are

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Because fatty acids are amphipathic, with hydrophobic tails, they

Correct Answer
verified

Refer to the figure below diagramming a protein composed of two R subunits and two C subunits.The R subunits are identical and the C subunits are identical, but R and C differ from each other. The figure depicts a nucleotide performing a function.How can this function be described?

Correct Answer
verified

DNA differs from RNA in that

Correct Answer
verified

If pyrimidines could bind to other pyrimidines, and purines could bind to other purines, what would be the effect on the DNA double helix?

Correct Answer
verified

In the double-stranded structure of DNA,

Correct Answer
verified

Refer to the figure below illustrating the "RNA world" hypothesis. Which statement about this hypothetical evolutionary model is true?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The data show that modern cells use enzy...
View Answer

Nucleotides in RNA are connected to one another in the polynucleotide chain by _ bonds between _.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which characteristic are living cells and protocells alike?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The DNA sequence ATTCGTTCA is equivalent to which RNA sequence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is found in a DNA molecule but not in an RNA molecule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One function of nucleic acids is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

RNA differs from DNA in that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_______ is the theory that life's simple molecules formed in Earth's primitive environment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Replication is the synthesis of _______, while transcription is the synthesis of _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Molecules consisting of only a pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base are called _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is noteworthy that the Miller-Urey experiments produced ribose sugars, because they are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because fatty acids are amphipathic, with hydrophobic tails, they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Refer to the figure below diagramming a protein composed of two R subunits and two C subunits.The R subunits are identical and the C subunits are identical, but R and C differ from each other. The figure depicts a nucleotide performing a function.How can this function be described?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

DNA differs from RNA in that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If pyrimidines could bind to other pyrimidines, and purines could bind to other purines, what would be the effect on the DNA double helix?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the double-stranded structure of DNA,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Refer to the figure below illustrating the "RNA world" hypothesis. Which statement about this hypothetical evolutionary model is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedThe data show that modern cells use enzy...View AnswerShow Answer

Nucleotides in RNA are connected to one another in the polynucleotide chain by _______ bonds between _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Replication is the synthesis of _, while transcription is the synthesis of _.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified
The data show that modern cells use enzy...
View Answer

Nucleotides in RNA are connected to one another in the polynucleotide chain by _ bonds between _.

Correct Answer
verified