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Discuss the types of exchanges that occurred between different parts of Eurasia during the time of the Mongol Empire.

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Why did pastoral societies emerge only in the Afro-Eurasian world and not in the Americas?


A) The environments in the Americas were not suitable for pastoral societies.
B) The settled societies in the Americas lacked the necessary military prowess.
C) There was a lack of large animals that could be domesticated in the Americas.
D) There were no agricultural societies with which to trade in the Americas.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is an example of the types of exchanges facilitated by Mongol rule over much of Eurasia?


A) The establishment of a formal alliance between the Mongol Empire and the Holy Roman Empire
B) The diplomatic dialogues between Christian and Muslim rulers that brought an end to the Crusades
C) The merging of the Silk Roads with the trans-Saharan slave trade
D) The sharing of intelligence information between Persia and China

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following reflects the Russian view of the Mongols as represented in Source 11.4?


A) "The wild man of the mountains"
B) "A woman with no principles"
C) "Clouds on the paths of the immortals"
D) "The pagan and godless Tartars"

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following was a way in which the Mongols contributed to the globalization of the Eurasian world?


A) In providing a secure environment for traders, they facilitated long-distance international commerce.
B) Their immunity to several deadly diseases allowed them to maintain long-distance trade routes.
C) Their promotion of Islam as the only true faith in the empire gave the whole empire a shared culture.
D) The Mongol conquest of Japan linked the extreme ends of the Eurasian trade networks for the first time.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Use the following to answer questions: Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section. Terms -Term used to describe half a century of military campaigns, massive killing, and empire building pursued by Chinggis Khan and his successors in Eurasia after 1209.


A) pastoralism
B) Modun
C) Xiongnu
D) Turks
E) Almoravid Empire
F) Temujin/Chinggis Khan
G) the Mongol world war
H) Yuan dynasty China
I) Khubilai Khan
J) Hulegu
K) Khutulun
L) Kipchak Khanate/Golden Horde
M) Black Death/plague

N) C) and M)
O) D) and G)

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G

Use the following to answer questions: Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section. Terms -People from Central Asia, originally nomads, who spread westward into the Near East and into India; they created a series of nomadic empires between 552 and 965 C·E·. but had a more lasting impact on world history when they became dominant in the Islamic heartland and founded a series of states and empires there.


A) pastoralism
B) Modun
C) Xiongnu
D) Turks
E) Almoravid Empire
F) Temujin/Chinggis Khan
G) the Mongol world war
H) Yuan dynasty China
I) Khubilai Khan
J) Hulegu
K) Khutulun
L) Kipchak Khanate/Golden Horde
M) Black Death/plague

N) I) and K)
O) F) and L)

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Which of the following is an example of the Mongol rulers' policy toward people in the conquered territories?


A) Chinese and Muslim officials were allowed to hold advisory positions in government.
B) Conquered people were forced to convert their land into pastureland for Mongol herds.
C) A policy of segregation made conquered people a permanent underclass similar to slaves.
D) Conquered people were barred from the military and forced to adopt the pastoral lifestyle.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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A

Use the following to answer questions: Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section. Terms -Great ruler of the Xiongnu Empire (r. 210-174 B·C·E·.) who created a centralized and hierarchical political system.


A) pastoralism
B) Modun
C) Xiongnu
D) Turks
E) Almoravid Empire
F) Temujin/Chinggis Khan
G) the Mongol world war
H) Yuan dynasty China
I) Khubilai Khan
J) Hulegu
K) Khutulun
L) Kipchak Khanate/Golden Horde
M) Black Death/plague

N) A) and F)
O) A) and B)

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A characteristic feature of pastoral societies was their


A) productivity.
B) stratification.
C) mobility.
D) wealth.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Historical Analysis: Were the Mongols something new in the realm of pastoral empires?

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Which of the following facilitated the creation of the Mongol Empire?


A) The territories the Mongols invaded were experiencing internal divisions.
B) The technology of the Mongols was superior to that of their adversaries.
C) Chinggis Khan had a precise blueprint for world conquest.
D) The tribal values of the Mongols functioned as a unifying ideology.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The most difficult and protracted of the Mongols' many conquests was in


A) Persia.
B) Russia.
C) China.
D) Japan.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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The Mongol Empire played a significant role in world history because it


A) introduced a new alphabet that became the basis for most of the languages in Eurasia.
B) created and, through its conquests, spread a new religion that is still practiced throughout Central Asia.
C) developed a hybrid civilization that blended together Persian, Chinese, and European culture.
D) brought together the pastoral peoples of inner Eurasia and the agricultural civilizations of outer Eurasia.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following was a pastoral empire that served as a model for the Turks and the Mongols?


A) Abbasid
B) Yuan
C) Almoravid
D) Xiongnu

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Use the following to answer questions: Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section. Terms -Title meaning "universal ruler" that was given to this Mongol leader in 1206 after he united the Mongols.


A) pastoralism
B) Modun
C) Xiongnu
D) Turks
E) Almoravid Empire
F) Temujin/Chinggis Khan
G) the Mongol world war
H) Yuan dynasty China
I) Khubilai Khan
J) Hulegu
K) Khutulun
L) Kipchak Khanate/Golden Horde
M) Black Death/plague

N) A) and J)
O) H) and L)

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Which groups reaped benefits under Mongol rule?

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Comparative Analysis: Compare and contrast the creation of the Arab and Mongol empires.

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Answer would ideally include: •Both empires relied heavily on armies that were initially drawn from pastoral peoples, and both expanded rapidly and were the largest empires in the world at their heights. •Both the Arabs and the Mongols borrowed heavily from the traditions, institutions, and personnel of conquered peoples to rule their empires. •Both empires were profoundly shaped by the cultures of the peoples they conquered. •Both had founders who played important roles in bringing pastoral peoples together. •Both empires actively promoted commercial networks of exchange. •There were at least two key differences between the Arab and Mongol empires: the relative longevity of the Arab Empire, and the promotion and spread of Islam by the Arabs, a process that had no parallel in the Mongol Empire.

The excerpts in Source 11.1 describing the Mongol practice of anda and the process by which Temujin acquired the title of Chinggis Khan suggest that political authority and political relationships were based on


A) deeply personal ties of friendship and loyalty.
B) kinship relations and marriage alliances.
C) democratic principles and practices.
D) diplomacy, negotiation, and compromise.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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What happened to the Mongols in Persia in the fourteenth century?


A) Persian generals drove the Mongols back to the steppes.
B) The Ottoman Empire defeated and enslaved the Mongols.
C) The Mongols assimilated into Persian society.
D) The Mongols were made serfs of Persian lords.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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