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For an open economy, the equation Y = C + I + G + NX is an identity. If we define national saving, S, as the total income in the economy that is left after paying for consumption and government purchases, then for an open economy, it is true that


A) S = I.
B) S = 0.
C) I = S + NX.
D) S = I + NX.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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What would happen in the market for loanable funds if the government were to decrease the tax rate on interest income?


A) The supply of loanable funds would shift rightward and investment would increase.
B) The supply of loanable funds would shift leftward and investment would decrease.
C) The demand for loanable funds would shift rightward and investment would increase.
D) The demand for loanable funds would shift leftward and investment would decrease.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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What are the basic differences between bonds and stocks?

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A bond is a certificate of indebtedness ...

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The country of Growpaw does not trade with any other country. Its GDP is $20 billion. Its government purchases $3 billion worth of goods and services each year, collects $4 billion in taxes, and provides $2 billion in transfer payments to households. Private saving in Growpaw is $4 billion. What is investment in Growpaw?


A) $5 billion
B) $4 billion
C) $3 billion
D) $11 billion

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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By definition, government purchases and taxes are zero for a closed economy.

A) True
B) False

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If the Apple corporation sells a bond it is


A) borrowing directly from the public.
B) borrowing indirectly from the public.
C) selling shares of ownership directly to the public.
D) selling shares of ownership indirectly to the public.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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All or part of a firm's profits may be paid out to the firm's stockholders in the form of


A) retained earnings.
B) dividends.
C) interest payments.
D) capital accounts.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Institutions that help to match one person's saving with another person's investment are collectively called the


A) Federal Reserve system.
B) banking system.
C) monetary system.
D) financial system.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Use the following table to answer the following questions. Table 26-1 Use the following table to answer the following questions. Table 26-1    -Refer to Table 26-1. What was Hershey's earnings per share? A)  $29.90 B)  $2.79 C)  $1.50 D)  $0.36 -Refer to Table 26-1. What was Hershey's earnings per share?


A) $29.90
B) $2.79
C) $1.50
D) $0.36

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following would necessarily increase the equilibrium interest rate?


A) The demand for and the supply of loanable funds shift right.
B) The demand for and the supply of loanable funds shift left.
C) The demand for loanable funds shifts right and the supply of loanable funds shifts left.
D) The demand for loanable funds shifts left and the supply of loanable funds shifts right.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following statements about mutual funds is correct?


A) A mutual fund is not a financial intermediary.
B) A disadvantage of buying mutual funds is a lack of diversification
C) People who buy shares from a mutual fund are guaranteed a minimum return.
D) On average index funds outperform managed funds.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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The financial system is important because it helps to match one person's with another person's .

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The conventions of national income accounting imply that saving and investment are equal for the economy as a whole and for individual households and firms.

A) True
B) False

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As real interest rates fall, firms desire to


A) buy more new equipment and buildings. This response helps explain why the supply of loanable funds is upward sloping.
B) buy more new equipment and buildings. This response helps explain why the demand for loanable funds is downward sloping.
C) buy less new equipment and buildings. This response helps explain why the supply of loanable funds is upward sloping.
D) buy less new equipment and buildings. This response helps explain why the demand for loanable funds is downward sloping.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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A budget surplus


A) occurs when the government has debt equal to zero.
B) causes government debt to increase.
C) exists when government spending is greater than tax revenues.
D) reduces the government's debt.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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An article in the textbook suggests that one method to correct the higher education inefficiency is to


A) provide free higher education to all Americans.
B) have college students sell equity in themselves.
C) reduce interest rates on student loans.
D) increase the number of colleges and universities in the United States.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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In a closed economy, public saving is the amount of


A) income that households have left after paying for taxes and consumption.
B) income that businesses have left after paying for the factors of production.
C) tax revenue that the government has left after paying for its spending.
D) spending that the government undertakes in excess of the taxes it collects.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following is correct?


A) Joan takes some of her income and buys mutual fund shares. Joan's purchase will be included in the investment category of GDP.
B) If a share of stock in Virtual Pizza Corporation sells for $77, the earnings per share are $5, and the dividend per share is $2, then the P/E ratio is 11.
C) In order to use equity finance, a firm must sell about equal values of stocks and bonds.
D) None of the above is correct.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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The amount of revenue a firm receives for the sale of its products minus its costs of production as measured by its accountants is the firm's


A) earnings.
B) retained earnings.
C) economic, or real, profit.
D) dividend.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Interest rates fall and investment falls. Which of the following could explain these changes?


A) The government goes from a surplus to a deficit.
B) The government repeals an investment tax credit.
C) The government replaces a consumption tax with an income tax.
D) None of the above is correct.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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