Question 1

While driving his girlfriend to work, Nate narrowly avoided a collision with another vehicle. Moments later, he experienced an unusually warm glow of affection for his girlfriend. His romantic reaction is best explained in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)   social exchange theory.
B)   the two-factor theory of emotion.
C)   social facilitation.
D)   the mere exposure effect.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Although the leaders of two enemy nations admit to a buildup of their own military forces, each sees the other country's actions as unreasonable and motivated by evil intentions. This situation best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   deindividuation.
B)   the mere exposure effect.
C)   the just-world phenomenon.
D)   mirror-image perceptions.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 3

The tendency to believe that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get is called

Accepted Answer

A)   the reciprocity norm.
B)   the scapegoat theory.
C)   the just-world phenomenon.
D)   the fundamental attribution error.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Compared with the explanations we give for the actions of strangers, our explanations for our own behavior are more likely to refer to

Accepted Answer

A)   stereotypes.
B)   superordinate goals.
C)   situational influences.
D)   mirror-image perceptions.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

People may unconsciously harbor negative racial associations. This best illustrates the subtle nature of

Accepted Answer

A)   reciprocity norms.
B)   subordinate goals.
C)   social traps.
D)   implicit prejudice.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Studies have revealed diminished activity in the ________ of violent criminals.

Accepted Answer

A)   amygdala
B)   hypothalamus
C)   frontal lobes
D)   sensory cortexE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

An eagerness to believe that victims of a natural disaster are being punished by God for their sins is best explained in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)   deindividuation.
B)   ingroup bias.
C)   the bystander effect.
D)   the just-world phenomenon.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 8

Which of the following is associated with an increased tendency on the part of a bystander to offer help in an emergency situation?

Accepted Answer

A)   being in a good mood
B)   having recently needed help and not received it
C)   observing someone as he or she refuses to offer help
D)   being a femaleE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Most people prefer mirror-image photographs of their faces. This is best explained by

Accepted Answer

A)   the principle of equity.
B)   the principle of self-disclosure.
C)   the mere exposure effect.
D)   mirror-image perceptions.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 10

Cognitive dissonance theory is most helpful for understanding the

Accepted Answer

A)   mere exposure effect.
B)   fundamental attribution error.
C)   foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
D)   bystander effect.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Research participants believed that the Asch conformity test involved a study of

Accepted Answer

A)   altruism.
B)   visual perception.
C)   learning.
D)   aggression.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Ellie is unusually attractive and intelligent, and she works hard to please her husband. He displays little affection for her, however, and spends most of the family's resources on his own interests. Ellie's relationship with her husband is best characterized as

Accepted Answer

A)   deindividuated.
B)   companionate.
C)   inequitable.
D)   implicit.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Which of the following is true of violent male criminals?

Accepted Answer

A)   They have relatively low levels of serotonin and high levels of testosterone.
B)   They have relatively high levels of serotonin and low levels of testosterone.
C)   They have relatively low levels of serotonin and low levels of testosterone.
D)   They have relatively high levels of serotonin and high levels of testosterone.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Since 1960, Americans have experienced a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   increase in the incidence of depression and a decrease in work hours.
B)   decrease in the incidence of depression and an increase in work hours.
C)   increase in the incidence of depression and a increase in work hours.
D)   decrease in the incidence of depression and a decrease in work hours.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Group polarization is most likely to occur in a group in which

Accepted Answer

A)   little communication is possible.
B)   individuals share a similar opinion.
C)   each individual has a unique perspective.
D)   individuals have not formed any opinion.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 16

In 1963, President John F. Kennedy announced to the then Soviet Union that the United States would discontinue all atmospheric nuclear tests. The Soviet's positive response to this conciliatory gesture illustrated the potential value of

Accepted Answer

A)   mirror-image perceptions.
B)   the mere exposure effect.
C)   GRIT.
D)   the just-world phenomenon.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Compared with people from East Asian cultures, those from individualist Western countries are more likely to demonstrate

Accepted Answer

A)   conformity.
B)   ingroup bias.
C)   ethnic stereotyping.
D)   the fundamental attribution error.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 18

German university men administered hotter chili sauce to a woman after listening to women-hating lyrics. The song lyrics provided the university men with

Accepted Answer

A)   GRIT.
B)   a social script.
C)   deindividuation.
D)   superordinate goals.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 19

In one experiment, college men were physically aroused and then introduced to an attractive woman. Compared with men who had not been aroused, these men

Accepted Answer

A)   reported more positive feelings toward the woman.
B)   reported more negative feelings toward the woman.
C)   were ambiguous about their feelings toward the woman.
D)   were more likely to feel that the woman was "out of their league" in terms of attractiveness.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

In one experiment, White respondents typically took longer to identify words such as peace and paradise as "good" when the words were associated with Black-sounding names rather than White-sounding names. This best illustrated

Accepted Answer

A)   the mere exposure effect.
B)   the other-race effect.
C)   mirror-image perceptions.
D)   implicit prejudice.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Exam 13: Personality

German university men administered hotter chili sauce to a woman after listening to women-hating lyrics. The song lyrics provided the university men with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared with people from East Asian cultures, those from individualist Western countries are more likely to demonstrate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cognitive dissonance theory is most helpful for understanding the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research participants believed that the Asch conformity test involved a study of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In one experiment, college men were physically aroused and then introduced to an attractive woman. Compared with men who had not been aroused, these men

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

While driving his girlfriend to work, Nate narrowly avoided a collision with another vehicle. Moments later, he experienced an unusually warm glow of affection for his girlfriend. His romantic reaction is best explained in terms of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ellie is unusually attractive and intelligent, and she works hard to please her husband. He displays little affection for her, however, and spends most of the family's resources on his own interests. Ellie's relationship with her husband is best characterized as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Group polarization is most likely to occur in a group in which

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tendency to believe that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In 1963, President John F. Kennedy announced to the then Soviet Union that the United States would discontinue all atmospheric nuclear tests. The Soviet's positive response to this conciliatory gesture illustrated the potential value of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although the leaders of two enemy nations admit to a buildup of their own military forces, each sees the other country's actions as unreasonable and motivated by evil intentions. This situation best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is associated with an increased tendency on the part of a bystander to offer help in an emergency situation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People may unconsciously harbor negative racial associations. This best illustrates the subtle nature of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Since 1960, Americans have experienced a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In one experiment, White respondents typically took longer to identify words such as peace and paradise as "good" when the words were associated with Black-sounding names rather than White-sounding names. This best illustrated

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies have revealed diminished activity in the ________ of violent criminals.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An eagerness to believe that victims of a natural disaster are being punished by God for their sins is best explained in terms of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared with the explanations we give for the actions of strangers, our explanations for our own behavior are more likely to refer to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most people prefer mirror-image photographs of their faces. This is best explained by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of violent male criminals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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