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To assess the impact of test difficulty on persistence of effort, researchers plan to give one group of children relatively easy tests and another group more difficult tests. To reduce the chance that the children in one group are more intelligent than those in the other group, the researchers should make use of


A) random assignment.
B) the double-blind procedure.
C) naturalistic observation.
D) operational definitions.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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The high school counselor has suggested that Skylar's romantic feelings for her physics teacher reflect her unconscious longings for attention from her own father. The counselor's assessment most clearly reflects a(n) ________ perspective.


A) behavioral
B) evolutionary
C) psychodynamic
D) behavior genetics

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Dr. Ochoa develops tests to accurately identify the most qualified job applicants in a large manufacturing firm. Which psychological specialty does Dr. Ochoa's work best represent?


A) developmental psychology
B) industrial-organizational psychology
C) biological psychology
D) clinical psychology

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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After predicting world events, such as whether Quebec would separate from Canada, mistaken experts maintained that they were "almost right." This attitude is an example of


A) overconfidence.
B) the testing effect.
C) random assignment.
D) the double-blind procedure.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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If shoe size and IQ are negatively correlated, which of the following is true?


A) People with large feet tend to have high IQs.
B) People with small feet tend to have high IQs.
C) People with small feet tend to have low IQs.
D) IQ is unpredictable based on a person's shoe size.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Dr. Roberts studies how best to test for individual differences in traits such as anxiety and self-esteem. Which specialty area does her research best represent?


A) social psychology
B) biological psychology
C) industrial-organizational psychology
D) personality psychology

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The enhanced memory that accompanies repeated self-testing of previously learned material best illustrates the value of


A) debriefing.
B) retrieval practice.
C) positive psychology.
D) a psychodynamic perspective.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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A statement describing the exact procedures for measuring an anticipated experimental outcome is known as a(n)


A) hypothesis.
B) control condition.
C) replication.
D) operational definition.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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When your best friend hears that you are taking a psychology course, she asserts that psychology is simply common sense. Explain why your awareness of both the limits of everyday reasoning and the methods of psychological research would lead you to disagree with your friend's assertion.

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Which psychological perspective is most likely to examine how group membership influences individual attitudes and behaviors?


A) neuroscience
B) psychodynamic
C) evolutionary
D) social-cultural

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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D

In an experimental study, men with erectile disorder received either Viagra or a placebo. In this study, the drug dosage (none versus peak dose) was the


A) confounding variable.
B) dependent variable.
C) random sample.
D) independent variable.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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D

In an experimental study of the extent to which mental alertness is inhibited by sleep deprivation, alertness would be the


A) control condition.
B) independent variable.
C) experimental condition.
D) dependent variable.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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An inert substance that may be administered instead of a drug to see if it produces any of the same effects as the drug is called a


A) placebo.
B) coefficient.
C) case study.
D) replication.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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The study of inner sensations and feelings is to the study of observable behavior as _____ is to _____.


A) Wundt; Watson
B) Skinner; James
C) Watson; Freud
D) Raynor; Wundt

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Random sampling is to ________ as random assignment is to ________.


A) correlational studies; case studies
B) surveys; experiments
C) replication; correlation
D) description; prediction

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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In the 1960s, the cognitive revolution in psychology involved a renewal of interest in the scientific study of


A) mental processes.
B) hereditary influences.
C) unconscious motives.
D) learned behaviors.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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A

The growth potential of healthy people was emphasized by


A) Freudian psychology.
B) cognitive neuroscience.
C) behavior genetics.
D) humanistic psychology.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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A psychologist who conducts experiments solely intended to build psychology's knowledge base is engaged in


A) basic research.
B) applied research.
C) industrial-organizational research.
D) clinical research.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Dr. Mills conducts research on why individuals conform to the behaviors and opinions of others. Which specialty area does his research best represent?


A) cognitive psychology
B) social psychology
C) developmental psychology
D) clinical psychology

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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The first psychological laboratory was established by


A) John Watson.
B) Wilhelm Wundt.
C) Sigmund Freud.
D) Jean Piaget.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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