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Exam 6: Chromosome Variation

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Question 31

Multiple Choice

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What is responsible for primary Down syndrome?

A) Disomy
B) Inversion
C) Nondisjunction
D) Polyploidy
E) Translocation

F) D) and E)
G) B) and C)

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Question 32

Multiple Choice

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Most strains of cultivated bananas were created by crossing plants within and between two diploid species: Musa acuminata (genome = AA) and Musa balbisiana (genome = BB) .The Cavendish banana (genome = AAA) , the variety most often sold in grocery stores, has what type of genome?

A) Allodiploid
B) Allotriploid
C) Autotriploid
D) Allotetraploid
E) Autotetraploid

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Question 33

Multiple Choice

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An explorer stumbled upon a remote valley and found plants that produced a colorful, sweet fruit.Many of these plants were autopolyploid and came in varieties that differed by their ploidy and the size of fruit that was produced.Which of the following plant genomes would MOST likely produce sterile plants?

A constriction or gap at particular locations on a chromosome that is prone to breakage under certain conditions is called:

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)is normally an X-linked recessive human disease affecting boys.Girls afflicted with DMD are rare.Cytogenetic studies of several girls with DMD have in each case revealed that these individuals carry X-autosome translocations.The autosomes vary, but the breakpoint on the X in every case is in band p21, which is the location of the DMD gene.Cytogenetic studies further revealed that in all cells studied in such DMD girls the normal X chromosome exists as a Barr body.How might these observations account for the existence of DMD-affected girls? Why is only the normal X seen as a Barr body?

Chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans all have 48 chromosomes, whereas humans have 46 chromosomes.Human chromosome 2 is a large, metacentric chromosome with G-banding patterns that closely match those found on two different acrocentric chromosomes of the apes.What would BEST explain these findings?

Wild-type Arabidopsis has five chromosomes (2n = 10) .Trisomic plants are designated as Tr followed by the trisomic chromosome number-that is, Tr1 is trisomic for chromosome 1.Assuming that trisomy is fully viable and that all possible pairing configurations (including nonpairing) are possible at meiosis, what proportion of the progeny from the cross wt × Tr1;Tr2 will have a wild-type chromosomal complement?

Which type of chromosome mutation decreases the amount of genetic material?

What would be the consequence of a diploid gamete (resulting from meiotic nondisjunction) being fertilized by a haploid gamete from the same species?