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Exam 2: Biological Beginnings

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Question 21

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Which of the following is true of fragile X syndrome?

A) It occurs more frequently in males than in females.
B) It occurs only in females.
C) It makes a female XO instead of XX.
D) It results in XXY males.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Question 22

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What is the complex molecule that has a double helix shape and contains genetic information?

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DNA (deoxy...

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Question 23

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Explain the genome-wide association method, and how it has been used to help identify genetic variations of diseases.

________ genes are those that make an individual less vulnerable to certain diseases and more likely to live to an older age.

Adam, who has a cardiovascular disease, participated in a research study to identify genetic variations linked to cardiovascular disease. His DNA, along with DNA from other patients suffering from the same cardiovascular disease, was obtained. For the purpose of comparison, the researchers also took DNA samples from participants who did not have the disease. Each participant's DNA was assessed to determine markers of genetic variation. The researchers found that genetic variations occurred more frequently in people who had the cardiovascular disease. This led them to pinpoint the region in the human genome linked to the disease. Which of the following approaches to gene identification and discovery did the researchers use in this study?

________ is a social and legal process by which a parent-child relationship is established between persons unrelated at birth.

Tristan has a genetic disorder because of which he has an intellectual disability. His mother informs Tristan's pediatrician that Tristan has an extremely short attention span for any task. Based on Tristan's symptoms, the pediatrician is most likely to diagnose Tristan with

________ is a stage in reproduction whereby an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell.

According to life-span developmentalist Paul Baltes (2003) , the benefits conferred by evolutionary selection ________ with age.

List four sex-linked chromosomal abnormalities.

Which of the following is most likely to be a cause of infertility in a woman?

________ is the way an individual's genotype is expressed in observed and measurable characteristics.

According to Sandra Scarr's description of the three ways that heredity and environment can be correlated, passive genotype-environment correlations occur because

Sandra excels in reading and spelling but struggles with mathematics. She is shorter than her peers and has a webbed neck. Her doctor has determined that she has one X chromosome missing. Sandra most likely has

Paul has a gene-linked abnormality, and as a result he suffers from an X-linked inheritance disease. Because of this disease, Paul suffers from internal and external bleeding due to delayed blood clotting. Which of the following will effectively treat Paul's condition?

________, the units of hereditary information, are short segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) . They help cells to reproduce themselves and to assemble proteins.

Which of the following statements regarding chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and amniocentesis is true?

What are some problems adopted children face at different points of development (infancy, early childhood, middle and late childhood, and adolescence)?

Mary and Jim are expecting a child. During prenatal diagnostic testing, the doctor confirms that the fetus has a genetic abnormality that will lead to a neural tube disorder causing brain and spine abnormalities. He also tells the parents that the baby will most likely have protruding tissue, especially from the lower back, and that the abnormality can be treated with corrective surgery at birth, orthopedic devices, and physical or medical therapy. Which of the following disorders is Mary and Jim's child suffering from?

For each genotype, a range of ________ can be expressed, thus providing a source of variability.